Question 1: Which of the following technology is uniquely developed for the latest Gamma Knife radiosurgery? |
Reference: | http://www.careforthebrain.com |
Choice A: | Stereoscopic CBCT. |
Choice B: | MV CBCT. |
Choice C: | Stereoscopic planar imaging. |
Choice D: | MV planar imaging. |
Question 2: Flattening filter free (FFF) photo beams are commonly employed in which of the following treatments? |
Reference: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3554643 |
Choice A: | RapidArc |
Choice B: | CyberKnife |
Choice C: | Gamma Knife |
Choice D: | Tomotherapy |
Choice E: | All of the Above |
Question 3: During the brain SRS treatment with robotic radiosurgery, the target localization system frequently detects the patient shifts/rotations (every 30-60 seconds) by comparing the live images with the DRRs. The detected shifts/rotations are used to compensate the patient motion through which of the following methods? |
Reference: | Kilby, W., et al., The CyberKnife Robotic Radiosurgery System in 2010. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 2010. 9(5): p. 433-52.
|
Choice A: | The robot manipulator automatically adjusts the beam position and orientation relative the new patient position. |
Choice B: | The couch automatically moves to re-align the patient position. |
Choice C: | The operator corrects the patient position manually when the detected shifts/rotations are above thresholds. |
Choice D: | All of above. |
Question 4: Comparing to cone based robotic radiosurgery, MLC based robotic radiosurgery have which of the following advantages for large targets (such as prostates): |
Reference: | SU‐GG‐T‐143: MLC‐Based CyberKnife Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer , J Fan1, J Li1, R Price1, L Jin1, L Wang1, L Chen1 and C Ma1
Med. Phys. 37, 3217 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3468533
SU‐E‐T‐603: Evaluation of MLC‐Based Robotic Radiotherapy , B Fahimian1, S Soltys1, L Xing1, I Gibbs1, S Chang1 and L Wang1 , Med. Phys. 40, 344 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4815031 |
Choice A: | The MLC plans require less delivery time. |
Choice B: | The MLC plans require less MUs. |
Choice C: | The MLC plans generally have faster dose drop off. |
Choice D: | All of above. |
Question 5: Which of the following statements about conformity index is NOT true?
|
Reference: | Mayo, Charles S., Linda Ding, Anthony Addesa, Sidney Kadish, T. J. Fitzgerald, and Richard Moser. "Initial experience with volumetric IMRT (RapidArc) for intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery." International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics 78, no. 5 (2010): 1457-1466.
|
Choice A: | The conformity index defined by ICRU 62 is calculated as the ratio of the volume enclosed by the prescription isodose surface to the volume of the PTV: CI icru=vrx/vptv |
Choice B: | Based on the ICRU definition, a CI of 1 would mean an ideal case where the prescription isodose surface only covers the PTV without any volume outside PTV. |
Choice C: | Conformity index defined by ICRU may not be directly correlated with PTV coverage. |
Choice D: | Smaller target volumes are generally associated with higher conformity index. |
Question 6: Which of the following is NOT true about using a single iso modulated arc therapy (MAT) plan to treat multiple targets? |
Reference: | Clark, Grant M., Richard A. Popple, P. Edward Young, and John B. Fiveash. "Feasibility of single-isocenter volumetric modulated arc radiosurgery for treatment of multiple brain metastases." International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics 76, no. 1 (2010): 296-302.
|
Choice A: | Using multiple non-coplanar single iso-center arcs can potentially improve the dose conformity compared to using only coplanar arcs. |
Choice B: | Using single iso MAT plan to treat multiple targets reduces not only the beam time but also the patient set up and imaging time compared to multi-iso treatments. |
Choice C: | It is important to correct for rotational errors in single iso multiple target MAT treatments, as it can lead to large set up errors especially for targets further away from the isocenter. |
Choice D: | The actual dose rate delivered during the arc rotation of MAT is always maintained at the highest dose rate for the beam energy specified to maximize its efficiency. |