Question 1: The condition of lateral charged particle non-equilibrium in small photon fields....
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Reference: | Aspradakis, M.M. et al, (2010), IPEM Report 103: Small field dosimetry
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Choice A: | Only manifests itself when attempting to measure absorbed dose to water using an air-filled chamber in small fields. |
Choice B: | Is a condition that reduces absorbed dose on the central axis of small fields. |
Choice C: | Affects the stopping power ratio water to air in small fields. |
Choice D: | Is present, regardless of whether a detector is used in the field. |
Choice E: | Makes measurements of beam output with air-filled ionization chambers in small fields possible. |
Question 2: Unshielded diode detectors show field size-dependent correction factors due to two competing effects:
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Reference: | Francescon, P., et al (2011), Med Phys 38:6513; Benmakhlouf, H., et al (2014), Med Phys 41:041711 |
Choice A: | Intrinsic energy dependence of Si and volume averaging. |
Choice B: | Intrinsic energy dependence of Si and perturbation effects. |
Choice C: | Polarity effect and recombination. |
Choice D: | Polarity effect and electrometer calibration. |
Choice E: | Recombination effect and diode doping. |
Question 3: Indicate the single set of two largest contributors to correction factors and their uncertainties for commercial air-filled ionization chambers in small photon fields...
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Reference: | Crop et al (2009) Phys Med Biol 54(9). p.2951-2969; Bouchard et al (2009) Med Phys 36 (10), 4654-4663 |
Choice A: | The stopping power ratio and the central electrode effect. |
Choice B: | The stopping power ratio and the chamber wall effect. |
Choice C: | The fluence perturbation effect and the volume averaging effect. |
Choice D: | The stopping power ratio and the volume averaging effect. |
Choice E: | The ionization chamber wall effect and the stem effect. |
Question 4: Beam quality specification and the measurement of the beam quality specifier in the IAEA-AAPM small-field dosimetry protocol is required for the following reasons: |
Reference: | Palmans, H., (2012) Med Phys 39: 5513-9 |
Choice A: | To specify the correction factors to be applied to the measured output ratios. |
Choice B: | To specify small field output factors. |
Choice C: | To specify the kQmsr,Qref beam quality correction factor in the msr field. |
Choice D: | To ensure the beam is of adequate quality. |
Choice E: | To specify the absorbed dose calibration coefficient for a small field. |
Question 5: What is the most common workflow step where errors occur in SBRT? |
Reference: | Clark BG, Brown RJ, Ploquin J, Dunscombe P. Patient safety improvements in radiation treatment through 5 years of incident learning. Pract Radiat Oncol. Jul-Sep 2013;3(3):157-163. |
Choice A: | Simulation |
Choice B: | Treatment planning |
Choice C: | Patient setup |
Choice D: | Patient treatment |
Question 6: According to AAPM and ASTRO reports which of the following technology is required for delivering SBRT treatments?
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Reference: | Solberg T, Balter J, Benedict S, et al. Quality and safety considerations in stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic body radiotherapy: executive summary. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2012;2:2-9. |
Choice A: | Diode scanning for commissioning. |
Choice B: | Treatment planning with Monte Carlo. |
Choice C: | Volumetric on-line imaging. |
Choice D: | 4D-CT during simulation. |