2016 AAPM Annual Meeting
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Session Title: Optimizing the Treatment Planning Process
Question 1: Which of the following is not a way of Toyota production system?
Reference:Liker, Jeffrey K. (2004). The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles from the World's Greatest Manufacturer. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-139231-0
Choice A:Just in time.
Choice B:Continuous improvement.
Choice C:Mass production.
Choice D:Automation with human touch.
Question 2: What does the project management triangle tell us about the three constraint variables - scope, time and cost?
Reference:Wyngaard CJV, Pretorius JHC, Pretorius L, editors. Theory of the triple constraint – A conceptual review. 2012 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management; 2012 10-13 Dec. 2012.
Choice A:Only one of the three constraints can be accomplished.
Choice B:One has to suffer so that the other two can be optimized.
Choice C:All three can be achieved.
Choice D:All three need to be compromised.
Question 3: For time-constrained SRS/SBRT cases, which of the following constraints needs to be compromised?
Reference:This is an application of the “Just in time” principle of Toyota production system and the projection management triangle considering the clinical needs of SRS/SBRT treatments.
Choice A:Scope.
Choice B:Quality.
Choice C:Time.
Choice D:Speed.
Question 4: The goals for optimizing the treatment planning process include:
Reference:MO-B-BRB-01: Optimize Treatment Planning Process in Clinical Environment W. Feng Med. Phys. 42, 3552 (2015
Choice A:Efficiency as indicated by planning turnaround time.
Choice B:Quality as indicated by isodose distributions and achieving dose constraints.
Choice C:Error proofing plans using a checklist for well-known errors.
Choice D:A and B.
Choice E:A, B and C.
Question 5: What is the major delay between treatment planning steps:
Reference:N Bennion, J Driewer, K Jacobs, M Poole, R McMahon, K Wilson, K Denniston, W Zhen, A Yager and C Enke; SU-E-T-452: Identifying Inefficiencies in Radiation Oncology Workflow and Prioritizing Solutions for Process Improvement and Patient Safety; Med. Phys. 42, 3438 (2015)
Choice A:Intervals from simulation to target contour.
Choice B:Intervals from initial plan completion to plan approval.
Choice C:Intervals from target contour to plan creation.
Choice D:Intervals from plan approval to IMRT QA.
Choice E:A and B.
Question 6: What is the functionality of Treatment Planning Dashboard:
Reference:1. D DiCostanzo, S Thompson, J Woollard, N Gupta and A Ayan, MO-F-CAMPUS-T-02: An Electronic Whiteboard Platform to Manage Treatment Planning Process; Med. Phys. 42, 3572 (2015) 2. S Laub, M Dunn, G Galbreath, S Gans and M Pankuch; MO-D-213-01: Workflow Monitoring for a High Volume Radiation Oncology Center; Med. Phys. 42, 3553 (2015)
Choice A:Tracking plan status.
Choice B:Store process information.
Choice C:Streamline workflow.
Choice D:Improving patient safety by allowing more time for quality assurance processes.
Choice E:All of the above.
Question 7: In a six-sigma process, ‘sigma’ refers to the ______ of the process:
Reference:Trusko BE, Pexton C, Harrington J, Gupta PK. Improving healthcare quality and cost with six sigma. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press; 2007
Choice A:Average value.
Choice B:Tolerance range.
Choice C:Standard deviation.
Choice D:Defect rate.
Choice E:Number of defects.
Question 8: The primary goal for implementing a Kaizen project in radiation medicine is to:
Reference:1. Trusko BE, Pexton C, Harrington J, Gupta PK. Improving healthcare quality and cost with six sigma. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press; 2007.Kapur A, Potters L. Six Sigma tools for a patient safety-oriented, quality-checklist driven radiation medicine department. Pract. Radiat. Oncol. 2012, 2, 86-96. Kapur A, Riebling N, Galli BJ et al. Streamlining The Head And Neck Treatment Process In Radiation Medicine Using A Kaizen Approach. Int. J. Radiat. Onc. Biol. Phys. 2012:84(3S), S151
Choice A:Achieve a 6- sigma level of performance.
Choice B:Address an emerging problem with a quick turnaround time.
Choice C:Minimize defects and variability.
Choice D:Find long term solutions despite the level of difficulty in implementing solutions.
Choice E:Minimize wasteful steps using fault-tree mapping.
Choice F:Find the quickest solution by deploying Failure mode and effects analyses.
Question 9: The following tools may be used in six-sigma projects in radiation medicine:
Reference:1. Kapur A, Potters L. Six Sigma tools for a patient safety-oriented, quality-checklist driven radiation medicine department. Pract. Radiat. Oncol. 2012, 2, 86-96. Kapur A, Goode G, Riehl C, et al. Incident learning and failure-mode-and-effects-analysis guided safety initiatives in radiation medicine. Front Oncol. 2013, 3, 305. 3. Pawlicki T, Mundt AJ. Quality in radiation oncology. Med Phys. 2007, 34, 1529-1534.
Choice A:Process mapping.
Choice B:Root cause analyses.
Choice C:Failure mode and effects analyses.
Choice D:Control Charts.
Choice E:All of the above.
Question 10: Six sigma projects that seek to optimize workflow in radiation medicine are usually most effective when:
Reference:1. Trusko BE, Pexton C, Harrington J, Gupta PK. Improving healthcare quality and cost with six sigma. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press; 2007. 2. Kapur A, Potters L. Six Sigma tools for a patient safety-oriented, quality-checklist driven radiation medicine department. Pract. Radiat. Oncol. 2012, 2, 86-96.
Choice A:The ‘Analyze’ phase of the DMAIC project may be skipped.
Choice B:Ordinal data is available in the ‘Measure’ phase of the DMAIC project.
Choice C:Continuous data is available in the ‘Measure’ phase of the DMAIC project.
Choice D:The goals identified in the “Define’ phase have a broad scope.
Choice E:The ‘Improve’ phase of the DMAIC project does not require statistical tools.
Choice F:The ‘Control’ phase of the DMAIC project can be concluded in a short time period.
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