2017 AAPM Annual Meeting
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Session Title: Clinical IGRT: In-Room Imaging Technologies and Image Processing for Patient Alignment
Question 1: With the same imaging dose level, the sequence for the soft tissue contrast and spatial resolution from the highest to lowest is:
Reference:Stutzel J, at al. A quantitative image quality comparison of four different image guided radiotherapy devices. Radiotherapy Oncol. 2008 Jan;86(1):20-41. Stutzel J, at al. A quantitative image quality comparison of four different image guided radiotherapy devices. Radiotherapy Oncol. 2008 Jan;86(1):20-4
Choice A:kV Cone Beam CT, MV Cone Beam CT, MV Fan Beam Ct, kV Fan Beam CT.
Choice B:MV Fan Beam CT, kV Fan Beam CT, MV Cone Beam CT, kV Cone Beam CT.
Choice C:kV Fan Beam CT, kV Cone Beam CT, MV Fan Beam CT, MV Cone Beam CT.
Choice D:MV Cone Beam CT, MV Fan Beam CT, kV Cone Beam CT, kV Fan Beam CT.
Question 2: The use of surface imaging can improve patient setup accuracy, as well as positioning accuracy during treatment. However, if the alignment offsets suggested by the surface imaging are not consistent with those from the x-ray images taken at the same time, clinical decision should be made based on the x-ray images.
Reference:Rong Y. et al. Improving intra-fractional target position accuracy using a 3D surface surrogate for left breast irradiation using the respiratory-gated deep-inspiration breath-hold technique. PLoS One. 2014 May 22;9(5):e97933.
Choice A:True.
Choice B:False.
Question 3: The accuracy of the Calypso tracking system is affected by the metallic distortion, and this leads to errors up to ___
Reference:Franz AM, et al. Standardized accuracy assessment of the calypso wireless transponder tracking system. Phys Med Biol. 2014 Nov 21;59(22):6797-810.
Choice A:1.0 mm.
Choice B:3.2 mm.
Choice C:5.8 mm.
Choice D:10.0 mm.
Question 4: What is the major disadvantage of 2D-2D registration over 3D-2D registration?
Reference:1. G. Li, T. J. Yang, H. Furtado, W. Birkfellner, A. Ballangrud, S. N. Powell, and J. Mechalakos, "Clinical Assessment of 2D/3D Registration Accuracy in 4 Major Anatomic Sites Using On-Board 2D Kilovoltage Images for 6D Patient Setup," Technol Cancer Res Treat 14, 305-314 (2015). 2. D. Fu and G. Kuduvalli, "A fast, accurate, and automatic 2D–3D image registration for image-guided cranial radiosurgery," Medical Physics 35, 2180-2194 (2008).
Choice A:2D-2D registration can only be performed at zero-degree couch angle.
Choice B:2D-2D registration is slower.
Choice C:2D-2D registration can only provide 5 degrees of freedom corrections.
Choice D:They are equally good.
Question 5: In IGRT, the degrees of freedom means:
Reference:D. L. G. Hill, P. G. Batchelor, M. Holden, and D. J. Hawkes, "Medical image registration," Physics in Medicine and Biology 46, R1 (2001).
Choice A:The number of paths for deformable image registration
Choice B:The number of independent movement of a rigid body in space.
Choice C:The dimensions of the patient coordinate system.
Choice D:The minimum number of images required to determine the corrections for patient setup.
Question 6: The Calypso system uses 3 transponders with resonance frequencies of 300, 400 and 500 kHz so that:
Reference:A. M. Franz, T. Haidegger, W. Birkfellner, K. Cleary, T. M. Peters, and L. Maier-Hein, "Electromagnetic Tracking in Medicine - a Review of Technology, Validation, and Applications," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 33, 1702-1725 (2014).
Choice A:The three transponders can be detected simultaneously to increase the efficiency.
Choice B:If one frequency fails, the other two still work.
Choice C:Optimal frequency can be used based on the patient size.
Choice D:Three marker locations can be determined for 6DOF registration.
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