2016 AAPM Annual Meeting
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Session Title: Radiation and Immunotherapy: How to Ignite Long Term Anti-Cancer Response
Question 1: CD8 + T cells are important for:
Reference:Irradiation and Immunotherapy: From Concept to the Clinic, April K. S. Salama, MD; Michael A. Postow, MD; and Joseph K. Salama, MD Cancer, Vol 122, Issue 11, pp1659-1671, 2016
Choice A:Direct killing of tumor cells.
Choice B:Helping B cells produce antibody.
Choice C:Are part of the innate immune system.
Choice D:Making antibodies.
Question 2: The primary function of Dendritic cells is to:
Reference:Irradiation and Immunotherapy: From Concept to the Clinic, April K. S. Salama, MD; Michael A. Postow, MD; and Joseph K. Salama, MD Cancer, Vol 122, Issue 11, pp1659-1671, 2016
Choice A:Control blood pressure.
Choice B:Conduct nerve impulses.
Choice C:Make antibodies.
Choice D:Present antigen.
Question 3: Cytokines are :
Reference:Irradiation and Immunotherapy: From Concept to the Clinic, April K. S. Salama, MD; Michael A. Postow, MD; and Joseph K. Salama, MD Cancer, Vol 122, Issue 11, pp1659-1671, 2016
Choice A:Antibodies.
Choice B:Part of the granzyme B complex.
Choice C:Circulating immune mediators.
Choice D:Produced only by dendritic cells.
Question 4: Targeting the tumor with local radiotherapy during immunotherapy can:
Reference:Formenti SC, Demaria S. Combining radiotherapy and cancer immunotherapy: a paradigm shift. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105(4):256-265.
Choice A:Enhance in field responses.
Choice B:Enhance out of the field responses.
Choice C:Enhance both in field and out of field responses.
Choice D:Reduce toxicity of immune checkpoint blockade strategies.
Choice E:None of the above.
Question 5: Localized Ionizing Radiation has:
Reference:Demaria S, Golden EB, Formenti SC. Role of Local Radiation Therapy in Cancer Immunotherapy. JAMA Oncol. 2015 Aug 13.
Choice A:Pro-immunogenic effects.
Choice B:Immunosuppressive effects.
Choice C:Both a and b.
Choice D:Neither a not b.
Question 6: The Neutrophils/Lymphocytes ratio:
Reference:Cannon NA1, Meyer J, Iyengar P, Ahn C, Westover KD, Choy H, Timmerman R., Neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratios as prognostic factors after stereotactic radiation therapy for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer., J Thorac Oncol. 2015 Feb;10(2):280-5.
Choice A:Is measured within the tumor.
Choice B:Is measured in the blood.
Choice C:Predicts for toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade.
Choice D:None of the above.
Choice E:All of the above.
Question 7: The radiation fractionation scheme(s) proven to enhance the clinical immune response:
Reference:Aryankalayil MJ, Defining molecular signature of pro-immunogenic radiotherapy targets in human prostate cancer cells. Radiat Res. 2014 Aug;182(2):139-48
Choice A:18 Gy single dose with the check point inhibitor 2 hr after start of radiation.
Choice B:6 Gy x 5 over 1 week, M-F with check-point inhibitor Sunday (day 0) and Sat (day 6).
Choice C:8 Gy on M, Th week 1 and Wed, week 2 each Fx preceded by check-point inhibitor.
Choice D:All of the above.
Choice E:None of the above
Question 8: Giving any radiation above 0.5 Gy to the draining lymph node has been shown to be detrimental so that IGRT and/or particle therapy are required for treating the sentinel lesion.
Reference:Kanagavelu S, In vivo effects of lattice radiation therapy on local and distant lung cancer: potential role of immunomodulation. Radiat Res. 2014 Aug;182(2):149-62.
Choice A:True
Choice B:False
Question 9: Which of the following best describes the abscopal effect ?
Reference:Silvia C. Formenti, M.D and Sandra Demaria, M.D, Systemic effects of local radiotherapy, Lancet Oncol. 2009 July; 10(7): 718–726
Choice A:When tumor cells undergo cell-suicide.
Choice B:When a local treatment causes tumor shrinkage at a distant site.
Choice C:When un-treated cells neighboring treated cells die.
Question 10: The major challenge to using Cherenkov light from a clinical MV photon beam to activate psoralen (a photo-therapeutic responding to UV light) is likely to be .....
Reference:Axelsson et al., Cerenkov emission induced by external beam radiation stimulates molecular florescence, Medical Physics, 38(7), July 2011
Choice A:Generating Cherenkov light at all depths in tumor tissue
Choice B:Generating Cherenkov light at the activation wavelength.
Choice C:Generating Cherenkov light of sufficient intensity in tissue.
Choice D:Delivering a photo-therapeutic to the tissue to be treated.
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