2017 AAPM Annual Meeting
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Session Title: Advancements in MRI and MR-Guided Interventions
Question 1: What is the main technical challenge of multi-shot DWI scan, as compared with conventional single-shot DWI scan?
Reference:Motion immune diffusion imaging using augmented MUSE for high-resolution multi-shot EPI. Guhaniyogi S, Chu ML, Chang HC, Song AW, Chen NK. Magn Reson Med. 2016 Feb;75(2):639-52. doi: 10.1002/mrm.25624. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
Choice A:Motion related artifacts.
Choice B:Susceptibility signal loss near air-tissue interface.
Choice C:Geometric distortions.
Choice D:Chemical shift artifact.
Question 2: What is the purpose of incorporating multi-band imaging technology?
Reference:Interleaved diffusion-weighted improved by adaptive partial-Fourier and multiband multiplexed sensitivity-encoding reconstruction. Chang HC, Guhaniyogi S, Chen NK. Magn Reson Med. 2015 May;73(5):1872-84. doi: 10.1002/mrm.25318. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
Choice A:To increase the dynamic ranges of the acquired digital images.
Choice B:To improve the contrast to noise ratio of DWI scans.
Choice C:To improve the scan efficiency of MRI.
Choice D:To reduce the acoustic noises of MRI scans.
Question 3: For which study a single-shot DWI protocol is superior to multi-shot DWI?
Reference:A robust multi-shot scan strategy for high-resolution diffusion weighted MRI enabled by multiplexed sensitivity-encoding (MUSE). Chen NK, Guidon A, Chang HC, Song AW. Neuroimage. 2013 May 15;72:41-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.01.038. Epub 2013 Jan 28.
Choice A:High-resolution DTI for resolving structural connectivity in sub-regions of the hippocampus (3 Tesla MRI equipped with a 32-channel coil).
Choice B:Brain DWI for a patient who cannot stay very still during MRI scans (1.5 Tesla MRI equipped with a birdcage coil).
Choice C:Mapping of olfactory tract (3 Tesla MRI equipped with a 16-channel coil).
Choice D:Brain DWI for resolving mini stroke and small lesions (1.5 Tesla MRI equipped with an 8-channel coil).
Question 4: Which of the following statement is TRUE for 4D-MRI?
Reference:Glide-Hurst CK, Kim JP, To D, Hu Y, Kadbi M, Nielsen T, Chetty IJ. Four dimensional magnetic resonance imaging optimization and implementation for magnetic resonance imaging simulation. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2015 Nov-Dec;5(6):433-42.
Choice A:It provides better tumor contrast than 4D-CT for all cancers.
Choice B:It is more accurate than 4D-CT for motion measurement of lung cancer.
Choice C:It can be used to determine tumor internal target volume (ITV).
Choice D:It has better spatial resolutions than 4D-CT.
Question 5: Which of the following represents a challenge for developing 4D-MRI technique?
Reference:Liu Y, Yin FF, Czito B, Bashir M, Cai J. T2-weighted Four Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (4D-MRI) with Result-Driven Phase Sorting. Med Phys 2015; 42(8):4460-71.
Choice A:Short imaging time.
Choice B:Consistent tumor contrast.
Choice C:Management of irregular breathing.
Choice D:All of the above.
Question 6: Breathing signal can be extracted from the following EXCEPT :
Reference:Cai J, Chang Z, Wang Z, Segars WP, Yin FF. Four-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (4D-MRI) using Body Area as Internal Respiratory Surrogate: a Feasibility Study. Med. Phys 2011 38(12):6384-6394.
Choice A:External breathing surrogate.
Choice B:Internal landmarks.
Choice C:Imaging parameters.
Choice D:Image-derived features.
Question 7: Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about Cine MRI?
Reference:Cai J, Read PW, Altes TA, Molloy JA, Brookerman JR, Sheng K. Evaluation of the reproducibility of lung motion probability distribution function (PDF) using dynamic MRI. Phys Med Biol. 2007;52(2):365–73.
Choice A:Can image in any imaging plane.
Choice B:Provides volumetric information.
Choice C:Can image respiratory motion in real time.
Choice D:Is achieved using a fast imaging with steady-state free process MR sequence.
Question 8: Standardized, application-specific digital reference objects (DROs:
Reference:Pierce LA, Elston BF, Clunie DA, Nelson D, Kinahan PE. A digital reference object to analyze calculation accuracy of PET standardized uptake value. Radiology 2015; 277(2):538-45.
Choice A:Require the use of NIST-traceable fill solutions.
Choice B:Enable the assessment of the bias and variance of data acquisition techniques.
Choice C:Are an important component of a comprehensive quantitative imaging biomarker QC program.
Choice D:None of the above.
Question 9: A quantitative imaging biomarker can be characterized as being
Reference:Sullivan DC, Obuchowski NA, Kessler LG, et al. Metrology standards for quantitative imaging biomarkers. Radiology 2015; 277(3):813-25.
Choice A:Objectively measured.
Choice B:An indicator of pathogenic processes or normal biologic processes.
Choice C:An indicator of response to a therapeutic intervention.
Choice D:All of the above.
Question 10: Each of the following is an MR-based quantitative imaging biomarker (QIB) EXCEPT:
Reference:Meyer CR, Armato SG, Fenimore CP, et al. Quantitative imaging to assess tumor response to therapy: common themes of measurement, truth data, and error sources. Translational Oncology 2009; 2(4):198-210.
Choice A:Diffusion-weighted MRI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).
Choice B:Dynamic contrast agent-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI).
Choice C:T2-weighted MRI lesion volume.
Choice D:Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC-MRI) relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF).
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