| Question 1: Which of the following statement best describe the use of in-vivo dosimetry in brachytherapy that has been investigated so far: |
| Reference: | |
| Choice A: | It can be used to track and record the dose received by an organ at each treatment. |
| Choice B: | It can be used to detect errors in dose delivery during treatment, and take corrective actions as needed. |
| Choice C: | It can be used to detect errors in source positioning by the afterloader. |
| Choice D: | All of the above. |
| Question 2: The sensitivity and specificity of an electromagnetic tracking system for digitization QA has been demonstrated, in phantom, to be: |
| Reference: | Damato et al., Med Phys 41 (10) 2014 |
| Choice A: | 100% for errors in which the incorrect channel number was assigned to a catheter. |
| Choice B: | 100% for all digitization errors > 0.43 mm. |
| Choice C: | Electromagnetic tracking is incompatible with brachytherapy equipment and therefore its use for digitization QA has never been investigated. |
| Choice D: | Higher when used insider an MRI scanner. |
| Question 3: When CBCT was used in conjunction with TRUS for HDR prostate brachytherapy, it was found that:
|
| Reference: | Even et al., Brachytherapy, 13, 128-136, 2014. |
| Choice A: | Registration uncertainties between the two image modalities lead to uncertainties larger than with TRUS alone. |
| Choice B: | Large differences were found between needle tips on TRUS and CBCT. |
| Choice C: | Reducing the TRUS step size from 2.5 to 1 mm improved the accuracy of needle tips identification on TRUS. |
| Choice D: | Increasing the time of the overall procedure to add CBCT is not justified by results. |
| Question 4: When using CBCT-based 3D planning in HDR brachytherapy for cervical cancer:
|
| Reference: | Al-Halabi et al., IJROBP, 77 (4), 1092-1097, 2010. |
| Choice A: | HRCTV (high risk CTV) is easily identifiable. |
| Choice B: | Patient can be imaged in lithonomy position due to the clearance afforded by the CBCT unit. |
| Choice C: | D2cc to OARs (organs at risk) are accurate for all patient sizes. |
| Choice D: | Intracavitary applicators are hard to digitize due to the poor image resolution. |
| Question 5: Regarding the verification of brachytherapy treatment plans, which of the following is false:
|
| Reference: | US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 10 CFR 35.2,
and
American College of Radiology. ACR practice guideline for radiation oncology. Philadelphia: American College of Radiology; 2004.
|
| Choice A: | It is a legal requirement, and is mandated by the ACR-ASTRO guidelines. |
| Choice B: | AAPM recommendations include independent plan verification. |
| Choice C: | FMEA is an effective QA tool for EBRT only. |
| Choice D: | Automated checking of BT plan and treatment parameters is more effective than manual checks. |
| Question 6: Which of the following is incorrect with regard to independent dose calculations for plan verification: |
| Reference: | a. see Cohen et al. An independent dose-to-point calculation program for the verification of high-dose-rate brachytherapy treatment planning Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys., Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 1251–1258, 2000
b. see Pujades et al, The use of nomograms in LDR-HDR prostate brachytherapy Journal of Contemporary Bra chy the ra py 2011/volume 3/number 3
c. Marqa et al. A dose verification tool for high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy treatment planning in accelerated partial breast irradiation. Brachytherapy 11 (2012) 359e368
|
| Choice A: | Independent reconstruction of the treatment plan can effectively predict common errors. |
| Choice B: | Nomogram calculations may be used for secondary calculations. |
| Choice C: | Independent dose calculation can be used to assess plan quality. |
| Choice D: | Independent dose calculation must agree to within 20% of planned doses. |
