Question 1: The improvement in luminance uniformity for many medical grade displays is due to:
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Reference: | Krupinski E, Flynn M. IT Reference Guide for the Practicing Radiologist: Displays. ACR 2013. |
Choice A: | Vendor provided pixel by pixel uniformity corrections. |
Choice B: | Tools for end-user flat-field correction. |
Choice C: | Backlight stabilization. |
Choice D: | Self-cleaning display technology. |
Question 2: OLED displays create different luminance values by
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Reference: | Badano, M. J. Flynn, and J. Kanicki, High-Fidelity Medical Imaging Displays (SPIE Press, 2004).
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Choice A: | Controlling the output of a backlight. |
Choice B: | Tuning of individual pixel polarization filters. |
Choice C: | Tuning of individual pixel emission. |
Choice D: | None of the above. |
Question 3: Which of the following is a noted challenge of OLEDs compared to LCDs?
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Reference: | Yamasaki et al., Spatial resolution and noise in organic light-emitting diode displays for medical imaging applications Opt. Exp. (2013).
• Elze, Taylor, and Bex. Organic light emitting diode monitors for medical applications, Med. Phys. 40 (9), September 2013
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Choice A: | Noise. |
Choice B: | Signal contamination between pixels. |
Choice C: | Temporal response. |
Choice D: | Sufficiently dark black level. |
Question 4: What factors can affect the perceived spatial resolution of a display? |
Reference: | • Asumi Yamazaki, Peter Liu, Wei-Chung Cheng, Aldo Badano. “Image Quality Characteristics of Handheld Display Devices for Medical Imaging“. PLOS One, 2013. 8(11): e79243
• Yamasaki et al., Spatial resolution and noise in organic light-emitting diode displays for medical imaging applications Opt. Exp. (2013).
• Steven Bathiche, Tom Oliver, Andy Cady, Rajesh Dighde “Optical and System Considerations for Mobile Touch Screen Applications”, SID 2013 DIGEST
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Choice A: | Viewing distance and viewing angle. |
Choice B: | Luminance level. |
Choice C: | Pixel design. |
Choice D: | Panel reflections. |
Choice E: | All of the above. |
Question 5: The minimum luminance of a display should be: |
Reference: | Norweck JT, Seibert JA, Andriole KP, Clunie DA, Curran BH, Flynn MJ, Krupinski E, Lieto RP, Peck DJ, Mian TA, Wyatt M. “ACR–AAPM–SIIM Technical Standard for Electronic Practice of Medical Imaging,” ACR Technical Standard, 2014 |
Choice A: | Approximately 10 cd/m2. |
Choice B: | Four times the ambient luminance. |
Choice C: | The minimum luminance possible on the display. |
Choice D: | By user preference. |
Question 6: The color of a display could be compared against: |
Reference: | Samei E, Badano A, Chakraborty D, Compton K, Cornelius C, Corrigan K, Flynn MJ, Hemminger B, Hangiandreou N, Johnson J, Moxley M, Pavlicek W, Roehrig H, Rutz L, Shepard J, Uzenoff R, Wang J, Willis C., “Assessment of Display Performance for Medical Imaging Systems, Report of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 18,” Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, WI, AAPM On-Line Report No. 03, April 2005
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Choice A: | A standard correlated color temperature (CCT), e.g., 6500 K. |
Choice B: | A standard point in color space, e.g., D65. |
Choice C: | Another display attached to the same workstation. |
Choice D: | A or B. |
Choice E: | B or C. |
Question 7: For diagnostic displays attached to radiologist workstations, the acceptable error from the DICOM GSDF is: |
Reference: | Norweck JT, Seibert JA, Andriole KP, Clunie DA, Curran BH, Flynn MJ, Krupinski E, Lieto RP, Peck DJ, Mian TA, Wyatt M. “ACR–AAPM–SIIM Technical Standard for Electronic Practice of Medical Imaging,” ACR Technical Standard, 2014
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Choice A: | 10% in the JND per gray level. |
Choice B: | 10% in the dL/L per JND. |
Choice C: | 20 % in the JND per gray level |
Choice D: | 20% in the dL/L per JND |
Choice E: | A and B. |
Choice F: | F, C and D. |
Question 8: In order to obtain similar image contrast between different displays, what two performance characteristics should be the same?
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Reference: | American Association of Physicists in Medicine, “Assessment of display performance for medical imaging systems,” AAPM On-line Report No. 3 (AAPM, College Park, MD, 2005), p. 78
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Choice A: | Minimum Luminance, Maximum Luminance. |
Choice B: | Maximum Luminance, Maximum Luminance Deviation. |
Choice C: | Minimum Luminance, Display Function. |
Choice D: | Luminance Ratio, Display Function. |
Choice E: | Display Function, Ambient Luminance. |
Question 9: Luminance measurements reported by internal luminance meters used for GSDF calibration of primary displays have been shown to deviate as displays exceed their backlight warranty by up to what percent?
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Reference: | M. Silosky and R.M. Marsh, “Constancy of built-in luminance meter measurements in diagnostic displays,” Medical Physics 40 (12), 121902 (2013).
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Choice A: | 10%. |
Choice B: | 20%. |
Choice C: | 40%. |
Choice D: | 60%. |
Choice E: | >70%.. |
Question 10: According to the ACR-AAPM-SIIM Technical Standard for Electronic Practice of Medical Imaging, it is recommended that the luminance ratio for displays used for primary interpretation should exceed what value? |
Reference: | ACR-AAPM-SIIM Technical Standard for Electronic Practice of Medical Imaging, 2014, p. 9 |
Choice A: | 150. |
Choice B: | 250. |
Choice C: | 350. |
Choice D: | 450. |
Choice E: | 550. |