| Question 1: Which tumor type in dogs occurs much more commonly than in human patients having up to a 75 times greater prevalence in the dog?
|
| Reference: | Schiffman JD, Breen M. Comparative oncology: what dogs and other species can teach us about humans with cancer. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015 Jul 19;370(1673). pii: 20140231. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0231. Review. PubMed PMID:
26056372; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4581033.
|
| Choice A: | Glioma. |
| Choice B: | Osteosarcoma. |
| Choice C: | Hodgkin’s lymphoma. |
| Choice D: | Malignant dermal melanoma. |
| Question 2: T regulatory cells have been found in primary tumors in dogs diagnosed with mucosal melanoma. True or False? |
| Reference: | Monjazeb AM, Kent MS, Grossenbacher SK, Mall C, Zamora AE, Mirsoian A, Chen M, Kol A, Shiao SL, Reddy A, Perks JR, T N Culp W, Sparger EE, Canter RJ, Sckisel GD, Murphy WJ. Blocking Indolamine-2,3-Dioxygenase Rebound Immune Suppression Boosts Antitumor Effects of Radio-Immunotherapy in Murine Models and Spontaneous Canine Malignancies. Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Sep 1;22(17):4328-40. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-3026. PubMed PMID: 26979392; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5010514.
|
| Choice A: | True. |
| Choice B: | False. |
| Question 3: Use of imaging techniques on animals is completely non-invasive, and hence there are no major welfare issues involved. T/F?
|
| Reference: | P. Workman, E. O. Aboagye, F. Balkwill, et al., " Guidelines for the welfare and use of animals in cancer research," Br J Cancer 102, 1555-1577 (2010).
|
| Choice A: | True. |
| Choice B: | False. |
| Question 4: All of the following are true except:
|
| Reference: | M. Paoloni, C. Khanna, "Translation of new cancer treatments from pet dogs to humans," Nat Rev Cancer 8, 147-156 (2008).
1 M. Paoloni, C. Khanna, "Translation of new cancer treatments from pet dogs to humans," Nat Rev Cancer 8, 147-156 (2008).
|
| Choice A: | Inclusion of dogs from different breeds in clinical trials provides a cross-sectional value that is often higher than that obtained in studies of laboratory animals by providing a background genetic diversity similar to that seen in human populations. |
| Choice B: | The most common cancers of humans, including breast, prostate, gastrointestinal, and lung carcinomas, are also common in dogs. |
| Choice C: | Novel agents not yet submitted for IND may be treated similarly to other preclinical studies in traditional model species. |
| Choice D: | An important attribute of cancer studies in dogs is the opportunity to perform serial interventions (e.g., biopsies and imaging) for the same subject. |
| Question 5: Which clinical change during treatment can be flagged using an EPID in-vivo dosimetry approach?
|
| Reference: | Mijnheer, Ben J., et al. "Overview of 3-year experience with large-scale electronic portal imaging device–based 3-dimensional transit dosimetry." Practical radiation oncology 5.6 (2015): e679-e687.
|
| Choice A: | Anatomy change. |
| Choice B: | Patient positioning. |
| Choice C: | Bolus material placement. |
| Choice D: | All of the above. |
| Question 6: Which parameter has been shown to be most sensitive to small spatial shifts during cranial IMRT delivery?
|
| Reference: | Hsieh, Emmelyn S., et al. "Can a commercially available EPID dosimetry system detect small daily patient setup errors for cranial IMRT/SRS?." Practical Radiation Oncology (2016).
|
| Choice A: | Gamma. |
| Choice B: | Distance-to-agreement (DTA). |
| Choice C: | % dose difference. |
| Choice D: | Difference –to-DTA. |
| Choice E: | Gradient Compensation. |
