| Question 1: Radiation Physicists’ contribution to the field of Pediatric Radiation Oncology can be improved by which of the following: |
| Reference: | Presentation |
| Choice A: | Radiation Physicists should become COG members as there are no membership fee or other requirements. |
| Choice B: | Radiation Physicists should actively participate in COG activities including attending meetings, joining working groups etc. |
| Choice C: | Radiation Physicists should engage in clinical and basic research to help improve the therapeutic ratio beyond what is provided by current treatment paradigms. |
| Choice D: | All of the above. |
| Question 2: Areas of research in radiation physics with the potential to influence the future practice of pediatric radiation oncology may include: |
| Reference: | Kalapurakal JA, Zhang Y, Kepka A et al. Cardiac-sparing whole lung IMRT In children with lung metastasis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013; 85: 761-767. |
| Choice A: | Expanding the indications for IMRT to improve the therapeutic ratio as in the use of cardiac sparing IMRT in children undergoing whole lung irradiation. |
| Choice B: | Develop consensus recommendations for reducing normal tissue radiation exposure in children receiving radiation therapy including IGRT and proton therapy. |
| Choice C: | Conduct proton therapy research to improve our understanding of proton therapy biology, dosimetry and their current applications in clinical practice. |
| Choice D: | All of the above. |
| Question 3: Which of the following organs in children is most sensitive to radiation doses from image guidance procedures and radiation therapy? |
| Reference: | Jacob S, Michel M, Brezin AP, Laurier D, Bernuer M-O. Ionizing radiation as a risk factor for cataract: what about low-dose effects? Clinic Experiment Ophthalmol S1:005, 2012. Doi: 10.4172/2155-9570.S1-005 |
| Choice A: | Lens. |
| Choice B: | Cochlea. |
| Choice C: | Brainstem. |
| Choice D: | Optic nerves. |
| Choice E: | Hypothalamus. |
| Question 4: Which of the following strategies can be adopted to reduce the dose from CBCT-based image guidance procedures for children receiving radiation therapy? |
| Reference: | Hess CB, Thompson HM, Benedict SH, et al. Exposure risks among children undergoing radiation therapy: considerations in the era of image guided radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, Vol. 94, No. 5, pp 978-992, 2016. |
| Choice A: | Using the low dose protocols for adults from vendors or lowering the kV and mAs |
| Choice B: | Using collimation to exclude radiation-sensitive organs from field of view (e.g. thyroid, lens, ovaries) |
| Choice C: | Limiting the rotational degree of scanning (e.g. partial vs full arc) |
| Choice D: | Using bowtie filters to reduce skin dose |
| Choice E: | All of the above. |
| Question 5: Which of the following can the SSDE account for to provide the closest estimate to patient radiation dose? |
| Reference: | AAPM report #204 |
| Choice A: | Patient’s size. |
| Choice B: | Patient’s age. |
| Choice C: | Patient’s gender. |
| Choice D: | Patient’s DLP and CTDIvol together. |
| Question 6: The majority of accumulated organ radiation dose in a neuroblastoma patient population comes from which modalities? |
| Reference: | Kim YY, et al. Diagn Interv Radiol 2016; 22:390-394 |
| Choice A: | CT. |
| Choice B: | Planar x-ray. |
| Choice C: | Nuclear medicine (SPECT & PET). |
| Choice D: | Fluoroscopy. |
