| Question 1: Functional on-board magnetic resonance imaging is currently possible at which of the following field strength(s)? |
| Reference: | Yang, Y., Cao, M., Sheng, K., Gao, Y., Chen, A., Kamrava, M., Lee, P., Agazaryan, N., Lamb, J., Thomas, D. and Low, D., 2016. Longitudinal diffusion MRI for treatment response assessment: Preliminary experience using an MRI‐guided tri‐cobalt 60 radiotherapy system. Medical physics, 43(3), pp.1369-1373.
Lagendijk, J.J., Raaymakers, B.W., Van den Berg, C.A., Moerland, M.A., Philippens, M.E. and Van Vulpen, M., 2014. MR guidance in radiotherapy. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 59(21), p.R349. |
| Choice A: | None |
| Choice B: | 0.35T |
| Choice C: | 1.5T |
| Choice D: | B and C |
| Question 2: What is/are the key factor(s) impacting the signal to noise ratio in an MR image? |
| Reference: | Paulson, E.S., Erickson, B., Schultz, C. and Allen Li, X., 2015. Comprehensive MRI simulation methodology using a dedicated MRI scanner in radiation oncology for external beam radiation treatment planning. Medical physics, 42(1), pp.28-39. |
| Choice A: | Slice thickness |
| Choice B: | Voxel size |
| Choice C: | Field strength |
| Choice D: | Number of coil channels |
| Choice E: | All of the above |
| Question 3: Theragnostic radiotherapy: |
| Reference: | Ling CC, Humm J, Larson S, Amols H, Fuks Z, Leibel S, Koutcher JA. Towards multidimensional radiotherapy (MD-CRT): biological imaging and biological conformality. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000 Jun 1;47(3):551-60. |
| Choice A: | Is multi-dimensional conformal radiotherapy |
| Choice B: | Requires association of biological imaging phenotypes to dose |
| Choice C: | Attempts to overcome evidence-based RT failures by designing dose distributions conforming to both geometric and biological attributes of tumors |
| Choice D: | B and C |
| Choice E: | A, B and C |
| Question 4: Choice of dose prescription or dose mapping functions requires understanding of: |
| Reference: | Alonzi R, Functional Radiotherapy Targeting using Focused Dose Escalation Clin Oncol 2015; 27:601-617 |
| Choice A: | The relationship between quantitative imaging parameters and risk of recurrence |
| Choice B: | The dose-response relationship for a particular tumor type |
| Choice C: | The statistical uncertainty in the quantitative imaging parameters |
| Choice D: | A and B |
| Choice E: | A, B and C |
| Question 5: Real time volumetric MRI is: |
| Reference: | Stemkens B1, Glitzner M, Kontaxis C, de Senneville BD, Prins FM, Crijns SPM, Kerkmeijer LGW, Lagendijk JJW, van den Berg CAT, Tijssen RHN. Effect of intra-fraction motion on the accumulated dose for free-breathing MR-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy of renal-cell carcinoma. Phys Med Biol. 2017 Sep 1;62(18):7407-7424. |
| Choice A: | Critical for accurate 3D dose accumulation |
| Choice B: | Necessary for gated radiotherapy of lung tumors with only sup/inf motion |
| Choice C: | The same as 4DMRI |
| Choice D: | Only available on 3T scanners |
| Choice E: | Achievable by adding more coils |
| Question 6: Treatment planning speed can be improved by: |
| Reference: | O'Connor D1, Yu V, Nguyen D, Ruan D, Sheng K. Fraction-variant beam orientation optimization for non-coplanar IMRT. Phys Med Biol. 2018 Feb 15;63(4):045015 |
| Choice A: | Accelerated optimization algorithms |
| Choice B: | Undersampling and clustering of the dose calculation matrices |
| Choice C: | GPU implementation |
| Choice D: | Automated treatment planning |
| Choice E: | All the above |
