| Question 1: 1. Considering the following two statements: i) A small value for the slope parameter, m, in the Lyman model corresponds to a shallow normal tissue dose response curve. ii) A small value for k in the logistic model corresponds to a shallow normal tissue response curve. Which of the following is correct? |
| Reference: | Bentzen SM. Dose-response relationships in radiotherapy. In: Joiner M. and van der Kogel A., eds. Basic Clinical Radiobiology, 4th ed., London, United Kingdom: Hodder and Arnold; 2009. |
| Choice A: | i) is true and ii) is false |
| Choice B: | Both i) and ii) are true |
| Choice C: | i) is false and ii) is true |
| Choice D: | Both i) and ii) are false |
| Question 2: Is the following statement true or false: A value of the volume effect parameter, n, in the Lyman model close to 1 is indicative of a parallel tissue structure, i.e. a larger volume reserve capacity. |
| Reference: | Bentzen SM. Dose-response relationships in radiotherapy. In: Joiner M. and van der Kogel A., eds. Basic Clinical Radiobiology, 4th ed., London, United Kingdom: Hodder and Arnold; 2009. |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 3: Considering the following two statements: i) For a serial normal tissue structure the expected Normal Tissue Complication Probability is driven by the maximum dose the structure receives. ii) For a parallel structure the expected Normal Tissue Complication probability is driven by the mean dose the structure receives. Which of the following is correct? |
| Reference: | Bentzen SM. Dose-response relationships in radiotherapy. In: Joiner M. and van der Kogel A., eds. Basic Clinical Radiobiology, 4th ed., London, United Kingdom: Hodder and Arnold; 2009. |
| Choice A: | i) is true and ii) is false |
| Choice B: | Both i) and ii) are true |
| Choice C: | i) is false and ii) is true |
| Choice D: | Both i) and ii) are false |
| Question 4: Severe xerostomia (defined as long-term salivary function of <25% of baseline) is usually avoided if at least one parotid gland is spared to a mean dose of less than: |
| Reference: | Deasy JO, Moiseenko V, Marks L, Chao KS, Nam J, Eisbruch A. Radiotherapy dose-volume effects on salivary gland function. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76(3 Suppl):S58-63. |
| Choice A: | 20 Gy |
| Choice B: | 22 Gy |
| Choice C: | 24Gy |
| Choice D: | 26 Gy |
| Question 5: QUANTEC’s NTCP model to limit =grade 2 RP involves which of the following dose-volume constrains: |
| Reference: | Marks LB, et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 76 (Suppl 3): 70-6 |
| Choice A: | Lung V20≤30-35%, |
| Choice B: | Max lung dose ≤55Gy |
| Choice C: | Lung V20≤30-35%, Mean lung dose≤20-23Gy |
| Choice D: | Mean lung dose≤20-23Gy |
| Question 6: Which of the following is true when correcting for fractionation effects: |
| Reference: | Marks LB, et al., Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 76 (Suppl 3): 70-6; Werner-Wasik et al., Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 76 (Suppl 3): 86-93 |
| Choice A: | AE and RP are acute effects, i.e., α/β=10Gy |
| Choice B: | AE is an acute effect, and RP is a late effect, i.e., α/β=10Gy, 3Gy |
| Choice C: | AE and RP are late effects, i.e., α/β=3Gy |
| Choice D: | AE is a late effect, and RP is an acute effect, i.e., α/β=3Gy, 10Gy |
| Question 7: External validation of any NTCP model should include what of the following? |
| Reference: | Moons KGM, et al., Ann Intern Med 2015; 162: 1-73 |
| Choice A: | Calibration and Discrimination |
| Choice B: | Calibration |
| Choice C: | Discrimination |
| Question 8: When describing a dose-response curve, D50 normally refers to: |
| Reference: | Bentzen & Tucker. Quantifying the position and steepness of radiation dose-response curves. Int J Radiat Biol 1997;71: 531-42 |
| Choice A: | The response seen at a dose of 50Gy |
| Choice B: | The dose needed for 50% response |
| Choice C: | The dose level where the steepest dose-response is observed |
| Question 9: The dose-response relationship in an NTCP model can be described by D50 and Y50 (slope at D50). Assume the existence of some clinical factor X which increases the risk of experiencing toxicity. Comparing patients with the risk factor present to patient without the risk factor, which of the following statements is true? |
| Reference: | Appelt & Vogelius. A method to adjust radiation dose–response relationships for clinical risk factors. Radiother Oncol 2012;102:352-354 |
| Choice A: | D50 and Y50 are both lower for patients with the risk factor X. |
| Choice B: | D50 will be higher and Y50 will lower for patients with the risk factor X. |
| Choice C: | D50 will be lower and Y50 will be higher for patients with the risk factor X. |
| Choice D: | D50 and Y50 are both higher for patients with the risk factor X. |
| Question 10: Which of the following statements regarding risk factors for radiation pneumonitis (RP) in NSCLC is true? |
| Reference: | Vogelius & Bentzen. A literature-based meta-analysis of clinical risk factors for development of radiation induced pneumonitis. Acta Oncol 2012;51:975-83 |
| Choice A: | Old age decreases the risk of RP, female gender increases the risk of RP |
| Choice B: | Current smoking and pulmonary comorbidity both increase the risk of RP |
| Choice C: | Right lung involvement and prior surgery both increase the risk of RP |
| Choice D: | Current smoking decreases the risk of RP, old age increases the risk of RP |
