| Question 1: What is the main goal of the DICOM GSDF (Grayscale Standard Display Function)? |
| Reference: | Norweck JT, Seibert JA, Andriole KP, Clunie DA, Curran BH, Flynn MJ, Krupinski E, Lieto RP, Peck DJ, Mian TA, Wyatt M. “ACR–AAPM–SIIM Technical Standard for Electronic Practice of Medical Imaging.” J Digit Imaging 2013; 26(1):38-52. |
| Choice A: | Maintain maximum brightness (luminance) across all displays. |
| Choice B: | Maintain minimum brightness (luminance) across all displays. |
| Choice C: | Maintain ambient lighting across all image viewing areas. |
| Choice D: | Maintain consistent image appearance across all displays. |
| Question 2: The luminance ratio of a display should be approximately: |
| Reference: | Norweck JT, Seibert JA, Andriole KP, Clunie DA, Curran BH, Flynn MJ, Krupinski E, Lieto RP, Peck DJ, Mian TA, Wyatt M. “ACR–AAPM–SIIM Technical Standard for Electronic Practice of Medical Imaging.” J Digit Imaging 2013; 26(1):38-52. |
| Choice A: | 35 |
| Choice B: | 100 |
| Choice C: | 350 |
| Choice D: | 1000 |
| Question 3: The color of a display should be compared against: |
| Reference: | Samei E, Badano A, Chakraborty D, Compton K, Cornelius C, Corrigan K, Flynn MJ, Hemminger B, Hangiandreou N, Johnson J, Moxley M, Pavlicek W, Roehrig H, Rutz L, Shepard J, Uzenoff R, Wang J, Willis C., “Assessment of Display Performance for Medical Imaging Systems, Report of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 18,” Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, WI, AAPM On-Line Report No. 03, April 2005 |
| Choice A: | A standard correlated color temperature (CCT), e.g., 6500 K. |
| Choice B: | A standard point in color space, e.g., D65. |
| Choice C: | Another display attached to the same workstation. |
| Choice D: | A or B. |
| Choice E: | B or C. |
| Question 4: Display luminance uniformity should evaluate for the presence of what? |
| Reference: | Samei E, Badano A, Chakraborty D, Compton K, Cornelius C, Corrigan K, Flynn MJ, Hemminger B, Hangiandreou N, Johnson J, Moxley M, Pavlicek W, Roehrig H, Rutz L, Shepard J, Uzenoff R, Wang J, Willis C., “Assessment of Display Performance for Medical Imaging Systems, Report of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 18,” Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, WI, AAPM On-Line Report No. 03, April 2005 |
| Choice A: | Bad pixels. |
| Choice B: | Mura. |
| Choice C: | Delamination. |
| Choice D: | All of the above. |
| Question 5: What factors can affect the perceived spatial resolution of a handheld display? |
| Reference: | - Yamazaki A, Liu P, Cheng W, Badano A. “Image Quality Characteristics of Handheld Display Devices for Medical Imaging.“ PLOS One 2013; 8(11): e79243.
- Yamasaki A, Wu C, Cheng W, Badano A. “Spatial resolution and noise in organic light-emitting diode displays for medical imaging applications.” Opt. Express 2013; 21(23):28111-28133.
- Bathiche S, Oliver T, Cady A, Dighde R. “Optical and System Considerations for Mobile Touch Screen Applications.” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 2013; 44(1).
|
| Choice A: | Viewing distance and viewing angle. |
| Choice B: | Luminance level. |
| Choice C: | Pixel design. |
| Choice D: | Panel reflections. |
| Choice E: | Hand and head motion. |
| Choice F: | All of the above. |
| Question 6: What is one strength of a display calibration assessment based on end-user visual tests? |
| Reference: | - Hirschorn D, Choudhri A, Shih G, Kim W. “Use of mobile devices for medical imaging.” JACR 2014; 11(12, Part B):1277-1285.
- Mobile MIM User Guide
|
| Choice A: | The same calibration can be used by any user |
| Choice B: | It provides consistent presentation of images with reading room PACS displays |
| Choice C: | It takes into account the current ambient light and the eyesight of the radiologist |
| Choice D: | It maintains the same contrast resolution for the user when the display is held at different angles or distances |
| Question 7: The specular reflection coefficients of handheld devices are typically: |
| Reference: | Liu P, Zafar F, Badano A. “ The effect of ambient illumination on handheld display image quality.” J Digit Imaging 2014; 27(1):12-18. |
| Choice A: | Smaller than the reflectivity of medical workstations |
| Choice B: | Larger than the reflectivity of medical workstations |
| Choice C: | Depends on the device |
| Choice D: | Depends on the wavelength of the illumination |
| Choice E: | Handheld devices do not have specular reflections |
| Question 8: Which of the following color coordinate system is a linear transformation of the color tristimulus values ( X, Y, and Z ), has relatively uniform color differences, and is recommended for reporting color measurements of medical imaging displays: |
| Reference: | International Commission on Illumination. CIE 015:2004: Colorimetry. 3rd edition, 2004.
- Malacara D. Color Vision and Colorimetry, 2nd edition, SPIE Press, 2011.
- Badano A, Wang J, Boynton P et al. “Gray tracking in medical color displays – TG 196 Report.” Med Phys 2016; 43(7):4017–4022.
- Samei E, Badano A, Chakraborty D, et al. “Assessment of display performance for medical imaging systems. Report No. OR03 - Report of AAPM TG 18.” Med Phys 2005; 32(4):1205–1225.
- Bevins N, Flynn M, Silosky M. “Display Quality Assurance – a report of AAPM TG270.” To be published, 2018.
|
| Choice A: | X ,Z (CIE 1931 XYZ ) |
| Choice B: | x ,y (CIE 1931 xyY ) |
| Choice C: | u’,v’ (CIE 1976 L u’v’) |
| Choice D: | a*,b* (CIE 1976 L*a*b*) |
| Question 9: AAPM task group reports recommend that the ‘white point’ of a display (i.e. the color coordinates of neutral gray regions) be assessed using the vector distance between the measured white point and the target white point. For diagnostic monitors, an acceptable maximum deviation using the recommended coordinate system is: |
| Reference: | Badano A, Wang J, Boynton P et al. “Gray tracking in medical color displays – TG 196 Report.” Med Phys 2016; 43(7):4017–4022.
- Samei E, Badano A, Chakraborty D, et al. “Assessment of display performance for medical imaging systems. Report No. OR03 - Report of AAPM TG 18.” Med Phys 2005; 32(4):1205–1225.
- Bevins N, Flynn M, Silosky M. “Display Quality Assurance – a report of AAPM TG270.” To be published, 2018.
|
| Choice A: | 0.001 |
| Choice B: | 0.01 |
| Choice C: | 0.1 |
| Choice D: | 1.0 |
| Question 10: The type of instrument that will be most accurate for the measurement of display color using a recommended color coordinate system is: |
| Reference: | Badano A, Wang J, Boynton P et al. “Gray tracking in medical color displays – TG 196 Report.” Med Phys 2016; 43(7):4017–4022.
- Bevins N, Flynn M, Silosky M. “Display Quality Assurance – a report of AAPM TG270.” To be published, 2018.
|
| Choice A: | Radiometer |
| Choice B: | Photometer |
| Choice C: | Colorimeter |
| Choice D: | Spectroradiometer (aka spectrophotometer, spectrometer) |
