| Question 1: What is the approximate average photon energy emitted by a 169Yb source? |
| Reference: | Reynoso FJ, Munro JJ, Cho SH, “Technical Note: Monte Carlo calculations of the AAPM TG-43 brachytherapy dosimetry parameters for a new titanium-encapsulated Yb-169 source,†Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 18(4), 193-199 (2017). |
| Choice A: | 380 keV |
| Choice B: | 25 keV |
| Choice C: | 93 keV |
| Choice D: | 61 keV |
| Question 2: In a center participating in EMBRACE II, what percentage of patients must receive combined intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy? |
| Reference: | Pötter et al, The EMBRACE II study: The outcome and prospect of two decades of evolution within the GEC-ESTRO GYN working group and the EMBRACE studies, Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology 9, 48-60 (2018). |
| Choice A: | 5% |
| Choice B: | 10% |
| Choice C: | 20% |
| Choice D: | 50% |
| Question 3: Patients receiving single-fraction high-dose-rate brachytherapy monotherapy for prostate cancer have found results at 5+ years to be the following relative to conventionally-fractionated high-dose-rate brachytherapy: |
| Reference: | Siddiqui ZA, Gustafson GS, Ye H, Martinez AA, Mitchell B, Sebastian E, Limbacher A, Krauss DJ, “Five-year outcomes of a single-institution prospective trial of 19-Gy single-fraction high-dose-rate brachytherapy for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer,†International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, In Press as of Feb. 13, 2019. |
| Choice A: | Low toxicity, low biochemical control |
| Choice B: | Low toxicity, high biochemical control |
| Choice C: | High toxicity, low biochemical control |
| Choice D: | High toxicity, high biochemical control |
| Question 4: Which of the following description(s) is/are correct about prostate volume in HDR brachytherapy? |
| Reference: | Yang X, Rossi PJ, Jani AB, Mao H, Zhou Z, Curran WJ, Liu T. Improved prostate delineation in prostate HDR brachytherapy with TRUS-CT deformable registration technology: A pilot study with MRI validation. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2017; 18(1):202-10. doi: 10.1002/acm2.12040. PubMed PMID: 28291925; PMCID: PMC5689894. |
| Choice A: | Planning CT overestimates prostate volume compared with MRI and ultrasound |
| Choice B: | Diagnostic MRI captured two weeks before HDR brachytherapy provides the most authentic prostate volume for brachytherapy planning |
| Choice C: | 3D Intraoperative ultrasound images provide the most authentic prostate volume for brachytherapy planning |
| Choice D: | a and c |
| Question 5: Which of the following are correct about image-guided HDR prostate brachytherapy? |
| Reference: | Wang T, Press RH, Giles M, Jani AB, Rossi P, Lei Y, Curran W, Patel P, Liu T and Yang X. Multiparametric MRI-guided dose boost to dominant intraprostatic lesions in CT-based High-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy. Br J Radiol 2019; 92: 20190089 |
| Choice A: | The dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL) is the most common sites of recurrence after radiation therapy |
| Choice B: | Multiparametric MRI has the same performance to define DILs compared with CT |
| Choice C: | Using visualized DILs to guide HDR catheter placement may improve the DIL dose boost level and coverage without violating organ-at-risk constraints |
| Choice D: | a and c |
| Question 6: What is the effective working volume of current electromagnetic tracking technology: |
| Reference: | Boutaleb, Samir, Emmanuel Racine, Olivier Filion, Antonio Bonillas, Gilion Hauvast, Dirk Binnekamp, and Luc Beaulieu. “Performance and Suitability Assessment of a Real-Time 3D Electromagnetic Needle Tracking System for Interstitial Brachytherapy.†J Contemp Brachytherapy 7 (2015) 280–89. |
| Choice A: | 10x10x10 mm3 |
| Choice B: | 10x10x10 cm3 |
| Choice C: | 50x50x50 cm |
| Choice D: | 2x2x2 m3 |
| Question 7: What is the typical accuracy expected from the electromagnetic tracking technology when used optimally? |
| Reference: | Franz, Alfred M, Tamas Haidegger, Wolfgang Birkfellner, Kevin Cleary, Terry M Peters, and Lena Maier-Hein. “Electromagnetic Tracking in Medicine--a Review of Technology, Validation, and Applications..†IEEE Trans Med Imaging 33 (2014) 1702–25. |
| Choice A: | Perfect |
| Choice B: | Around 0.5 mm |
| Choice C: | Between 1-3 mm |
| Choice D: | Around 5 mm |
| Question 8: What kind of action can electromagnetic tracking perform? |
| Reference: | Damato, Antonio L, Akila N Viswanathan, Sarah M Don, Jorgen L Hansen, and Robert A Cormack. “A System to Use Electromagnetic Tracking for the Quality Assurance of Brachytherapy Catheter Digitization..†Medical Physics 41 (2014) 101702.
Poulin, E, E Racine, D Binnekamp, and L. Beaulieu. “Fast, Automatic, and Accurate Catheter Reconstruction in HDR Brachytherapy Using an Electromagnetic 3D Tracking System.†Medical Physics 42 (2015) 1227–32. |
| Choice A: | Tracking of needle and catheter insertion |
| Choice B: | Catheter and applicator reconstruction |
| Choice C: | Detection of catheter shifts |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 9: What of the following statements is FALSE about medical events (MEs) in HDR brachytherapy? |
| Reference: | Thomadsen et al., A review of safety, quality management, and practice guidelines for high-dose-rate brachytherapy: Executive summary, Practical Radiation Oncology (2014) 4, 65–70. |
| Choice A: | Have been due to a lack of guidance documents |
| Choice B: | Have been due to human failures in performance of tasks |
| Choice C: | Have been due to mechanical failures |
| Choice D: | Have been due to errors during the treatment planning process |
| Question 10: Which of the following statements is TRUE about scripting? |
| Reference: | Cai et al., Standardization and automation of quality assurance for high-dose-rate brachytherapy planning with application programming interface, Brachytherapy (2019), 18 (1), 108-114.e1. |
| Choice A: | Scripting is programming via a vendor-supported interface to access plan information from the treatment planning system |
| Choice B: | Scripting is only available in the ES-API environment |
| Choice C: | Scripting tools for brachytherapy have been studied and developed by many groups |
| Choice D: | Scripting has been used to successfully automate the performance of all manual checks for plan QA |
