| Question 1: Why can tomographic transmission ion imaging provide information on the tissue stopping power properties for more accurate treatment planning in proton and light ion therapy? |
| Reference: | Parodi K, Polf JC (2018) In vivo range verification in particle therapy. Med Phys 45: e1036-e1050 |
| Choice A: | The ion stopping power of tissue relative to water is in first approximation independent of the beam energy, so that information measured at higher imaging energies can be applied to the lower therapeutic beam energies. |
| Choice B: | The transmission imaging information can be acquired at exactly the same energies used for therapeutic dose application, so that the measured information can be directly used for treatment planning. |
| Choice C: | Ion transmission imaging is only used for position verification of the patient, and it cannot provide stopping power information for treatment planning. |
| Choice D: | None of the above. |
| Question 2: Which information can be used to monitor in-vivo the Bragg peak position ideally in real time during treatment? |
| Reference: | Krimmer J, Dauvergne D, Letang JM, Testa E. Prompt-gamma monitoring in hadrontherapy: a review. Nucl Instrum Method Phys Res A. 2018;878:58–73. |
| Choice A: | Mechanically or electronically collimated detection of the spatial emission of prompt gamma produced in the nuclear interactions between the therapeutic beam and the tissue nuclei |
| Choice B: | Position- and energy-resolved detection of the irradiation induced prompt gamma, carrying spectroscopic information of the underlying tissue composition |
| Choice C: | Detection of the arrival time of the irradiation-induced prompt gamma with respect to the time of the beam application, providing information on the ion slowing down in tissue |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 3: Which of the following is the major concern in treating mobile target using Pencil Beam Scanning technique? |
| Reference: | 1. Yupeng Li, Laleh Kardar, Xiaoqiang Li, Heng Li, Wenhua Cao, Joe Y. Chang, Li Liao, Ronald X. Zhu, Narayan Sahoo, Michael Gillin, Zhongxing Liao, Ritsuko Komaki, James D. Cox, Gino Lim, Xiaodong Zhang, On the interplay effects with proton scanning beams in stage III lung cancer, Medical Physics, published: 23 January 2014, https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4862076
2. Joao Seco, Daniel Robertson, Alexei Trofimov, and Harald Paganetti, Breathing interplay effects during proton beam scanning: simulation and statistical analysis, Physics in Medicine & Biology, Volume 54, Number 14, published 23 June 2019. |
| Choice A: | Relative Proton Stopping Power Uncertainties |
| Choice B: | Patient’s weight loss |
| Choice C: | Interplay effect from the breathing motion and treatment delivery |
| Choice D: | Neutron dose |
| Question 4: Which of following statements is not true regarding Spot-scanning Proton Arc therapy in clinic? |
| Reference: | Xuanfeng Ding, Xiaoqiang Li, J. Michele Zhang, Peyman Kabolizadeh, Craig Stevens, Di Yan; Spot-Scanning Proton Arc (SPArc) Therapy – The first robust and delivery-efficient spot-scanning arc therapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology physics biology 2016 Dec 1;96(5):1107-1116. |
| Choice A: | Provide a better dose conformality to the target compared to the IMPT |
| Choice B: | Simplify the clinical workflow |
| Choice C: | Mitigate the interplay effect in treating mobile lung tumors |
| Choice D: | Reduce the low dose bath (0.5-1Gy) volume in the patient body |
| Question 5: What is the most anticipated benefit of multi-energy CT for proton and ion beam treatment planning? |
| Reference: | A general method to derive tissue parameters for Monte Carlo dose calculation with multi-energy CT. Arthur Lalonde and Hugo Bouchard 2016 Phys. Med. Biol. 61 8044 |
| Choice A: | Predicting the range of the primary beam more accurately |
| Choice B: | Provide better quantification of the beam broadening due to elastic scattering |
| Choice C: | Modelling the range degradation due to tissue heterogeneities |
| Choice D: | Accounting for dose deposited by nuclear fragments |
| Choice E: | Provide better tissue interaction cross sections, which impacts all of the above |
| Question 6: Find the true statement below: |
| Reference: | A general method to derive tissue parameters for Monte Carlo dose calculation with multi-energy CT: Arthur Lalonde and Hugo Bouchard 2016 Phys. Med. Biol. 61 8044 |
| Choice A: | Provide a better dose conformality to the target compared to the IMPT |
| Choice B: | Simplify the clinical workflow |
| Choice C: | Mitigate the interplay effect in treating mobile lung tumors |
| Choice D: | Reduce the low dose bath (0.5-1Gy) volume in the patient body |
