| Question 1: The FDA has issued a warning regarding the lengthy or repeated use of general anesthesia agents in which populations? |
| Reference: | Bjur KA, et al. Anesthetic-Related Neurotoxicity and Neuroimaging in Children: A Call for Conversation. Journal of Child Neurology 2017, Vol. 32(6) 594-602. |
| Choice A: | Children under 18 years of age |
| Choice B: | Children under six years of age |
| Choice C: | Pregnant women during the first trimester |
| Choice D: | Pregnant women during the third trimester and children under three years of age |
| Question 2: Which modality most commonly requires sedation in children? |
| Reference: | Huang YY, et al. Use of Anesthesia for Imaging Studies and Interventional Procedures in Children. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2016;28:400–404. |
| Choice A: | CT |
| Choice B: | Fluoroscopy |
| Choice C: | MRI |
| Choice D: | Ultrasound |
| Question 3: Sedation use for MRI is most commonly used in which of the following age groups? |
| Reference: | Sum MY, et al. Using a checklist to assess if a child undergoing MRI needs general anaesthesia. Clin Radiol. 2019 Apr 3. pii: S0009-9260(19)30130-8. |
| Choice A: | Neonates (0-1 years) |
| Choice B: | 3 to 5-year-olds |
| Choice C: | 6 to 8-year-olds |
| Choice D: | 9 to 11-year-olds |
| Question 4: For a detector collimation of 96 x 0.6, what is the scan speed with a 0.28 second rotation time and pitch of 2.9 for a dual source scanner? |
| Reference: | The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging, Third Edition. Third, North American Edition edition. Philadelphia: LWW; 2011. |
| Choice A: | 59.6 cm/s |
| Choice B: | 43.7 cm/s |
| Choice C: | 72 cm/s |
| Choice D: | 5.96 cm/s |
| Question 5: For wide collimation (cone-beam) scanning, the main trade-off to scanning speed is increased: |
| Reference: | Weir VJ, Zhang J. Radiation Dose Measurements in a 256-Slice Computed Tomography Scanner. J Med Phys. 2018;43(2):85–92. doi:10.4103/jmp.JMP_129_17 |
| Choice A: | Blur from motion |
| Choice B: | Scatter |
| Choice C: | Field of view |
| Choice D: | Audible noise from scanner rotation |
| Question 6: A sparse matrix is defined as |
| Reference: | Geethanath, et al. Critical Reviews in Biomed Eng, 2013 41(3): 183-204 |
| Choice A: | Most of the elements are empty |
| Choice B: | Most of the elements are = 0 |
| Choice C: | Most of the elements are = 1 |
| Choice D: | The conjugate of the matrix |
| Question 7: Compressed Sensing MR techniques allow for decreased acquisition time because |
| Reference: | Geethanath, et al. Critical Reviews in Biomed Eng, 2013 41(3): 183-204 |
| Choice A: | The k-space matrix is sparse. |
| Choice B: | The reconstruction process is iterative. |
| Choice C: | They are applied to information sparse anatomical regions of the body |
| Choice D: | K-space is under-sampled. |
| Question 8: Compressed Sensing works on principle because: |
| Reference: | Geethanath, et al. Critical Reviews in Biomed Eng, 2013 41(3): 183-204 |
| Choice A: | MR images are information dense. |
| Choice B: | MR images contain a lot of redundant information. |
| Choice C: | MR images are inherently high in contrast. |
| Choice D: | MR images are inherently high in resolution. |
| Question 9: How does TOF-PET improve PET image quality? |
| Reference: | “Improvement in Lesion Detection with Whole–Body Oncologic TOF – PET”. El Fakhri G., Surti
S., Trott C.M., Scheuermann J., Karp J.S. J. Nucl. Med. 2011; 52: 347-353. |
| Choice A: | Improve spatial resolution |
| Choice B: | Increase contrast |
| Choice C: | Increase count rates |
| Choice D: | Reduce noise especially in large patients or at low contrast |
| Choice E: | Increase noise |
| Question 10: Motion compensation in PET-MR yields promising results in
improved lesion detection as compared to gated PET-CT because: |
| Reference: | MRI-Based Nonrigid Motion Correction in Simultaneous PET/MRI. Chun S., Reese T., Ouyang J.,
Guerin B., Catana C., Zhu X, Alpert N., El Fakhri G. J. Nucl. Med. 2012; 53: 1-9. |
| Choice A: | MR yields better spatial resolution than CT. |
| Choice B: | MR acquisitions are faster than CT. |
| Choice C: | MR is a non ionizing imaging modality. |
| Choice D: | MR is more sensitive to motion than CT. |
| Choice E: | MR allows to correct for motion while incorporating all counts
detected hence greater SNR. |
