| Question 1: Medical error in the USA is thought to be the: |
| Reference: | Makary MA, Daniel M. Medical error - the third leading cause of death in the US. BMJ. 2016;353:i2139. |
| Choice A: | Leading cause of death |
| Choice B: | 2nd leading cause of death |
| Choice C: | 3rd leading cause of death |
| Choice D: | 4th leading cause of death |
| Question 2: An Incident Learning System includes which feature(s)? |
| Reference: | Deufel CL, McLemore LB, de Los Santos LEF, Classic KL, Park SS, Furutani KM. Patient safety is improved with an incident learning system-Clinical evidence in brachytherapy. Radiother Oncol. 2017;125(1):94-100. |
| Choice A: | Reporting mechanisms |
| Choice B: | Analysis mechanisms |
| Choice C: | Modification mechanisms |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 3: On-line dosimetry can be performed with |
| Reference: | K. Tanderup, S. Beddar, C.E. Andersen, G. Kertzscher, J.E Cygler, Vision 20/20 Article: In vivo dosimetry brachytherapy, Med Phys 40: 070902 (15 pages), 2013; G. Kertzscher, A. Rosenfeld, S. Beddar, K. Tanderup, J.E. Cygler. In vivo dosimetry: trends and prospects for brachytherapy. Br J Radiol Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20140206; doi: 10.1259/bjr.20140206 |
| Choice A: | MOSFETs |
| Choice B: | TLDs |
| Choice C: | Films |
| Choice D: | Diodes |
| Choice E: | A and D |
| Choice F: | All of the above |
| Question 4: Optimization means? |
| Reference: | Sharma M, Fields EC, Todor DA. A novel two-step optimization method for tandem and ovoid high-dose-rate brachytherapy treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer. Brachytherapy. 2015 Sep- Oct;14(5):613-8; Damato AL, Lee LJ, Bhagwat MS, Buzurovic I, Cormack RA, Finucane S, Hansen JL, O'Farrell DA, Offiong A, Randall U, Friesen S, Viswanathan AN. Redesign of process map to increase efficiency: Reducing procedure time in cervical cancer brachytherapy. Brachytherapy. 2015 Jul-Aug;14(4):471-80; Kim H, Houser CJ, Kalash R, Maceil CA, Palestra B, Malush D, Beriwal S. Workflow and efficiency in MRI-based high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer in a highvolume brachytherapy center. Brachytherapy. 2018 Sep - Oct;17(5):753-760; Murgic J, Chung P, Berlin A, Bayley A, Warde P, Catton C, Simeonov A, Abed J, O'Leary G, Rink A, Ménard C. Lessons learned using an MRI-only workflow during high-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy. 2016 MarApr;15(2):147-55. |
| Choice A: | Creating a plan that looks good |
| Choice B: | Creating a plan that meets dosimetric constraints set in place before the procedure |
| Choice C: | Creating a plan that has the physician’s approval |
| Choice D: | Creating a plan that meets or surpasses dosimetric constraints set in place before the procedure and does that in the least amount of time, with the least amount of resources |
| Question 5: A patient with stage IIB cervical cancer is being prepared for high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy after completing 45 Gy external beam. What is the best imaging approach using IV contrast to target the high-risk CTV for cervical cancer brachytherapy? |
| Reference: | Recommendations from Gynaecological (GYN) GEC-ESTRO Working Group (I): concepts and terms in 3D image based 3D treatment planning in cervix cancer brachytherapy with emphasis on MRI assessment of GTV and CTV. Rad Onc 74 (2014) 235-245; Computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging based contouring in Cervix cancer brachytherapy: results of a prospective trial and preliminary guidelines for standardized contours. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys. 2007;68(2):491-498. |
| Choice A: | CT scan at diagnosis and at the time of the implant |
| Choice B: | MRI before the implant only |
| Choice C: | CT scan before the implant only |
| Choice D: | MRI at diagnosis and at the time of the implant |
| Question 6: After a HDR brachytherapy treatment has been delivered and the source retracts, the physician and physics staff enter the room and perform which procedure first? |
| Reference: | NRC's 10CFR Part 35 |
| Choice A: | Patient identification. |
| Choice B: | Immediate removal of the implant device. |
| Choice C: | Radiation survey of the patient. |
| Choice D: | Chart completion noting dose delivered and source activity. |
