| Question 1: Currently, the best treatment verification imaging modality for any RT application: |
| Reference: | Goyal, S and Kataria, T. Image guidance in Radiation Therapy: Techniques and Applications, Radiology Research and Practice, 705604, 2014. |
| Choice A: | is CBCT |
| Choice B: | is surface imaging |
| Choice C: | is MRI |
| Choice D: | varies depending on numerous factors such as anatomical site, treatment goals, treatment type, patient characteristics, and resource availability |
| Question 2: Ionizing radiation in surface imaging makes it undesirable compared to other in-room imaging techniques: |
| Reference: | AAPM TG-147: "Quality assurance for nonradiographic radiotherapy localization and positioning systems: Report of Task Group 147" |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 3: Local control of frameless SRS with surface imaging has been shown to be equivalent to frame-based SRS: |
| Reference: | Pham, N.L.L., Reddy, P.V., Murphy, J.D., Sanghvi, P., Hattangadi-Gluth, J.A., Kim, G.G.Y., Cervino, L., Pawlicki, T. and Murphy, K.T.,"Frameless, real-time, surface imaging-guided radiosurgery: update on clinical outcomes for brain metastases." Translational Cancer Research 3.4 (2014): 351-357. |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 4: CBCT: |
| Reference: | Srinivasan K, Mohammadi M, Shepherd J. Applications of linac-mounted kilovoltage Cone-beam Computed Tomography in modern radiation therapy: A review. Pol J Radiol. 2014;79:181-193. |
| Choice A: | CANNOT be used for dose calculation as HU in CBCT is not accurate and it cannot provide electron density information at all; |
| Choice B: | Can ONLY be acquired either before or after radiation beam delivery; |
| Choice C: | Can provide not only patients’ updated anatomy, but also electron density information for adaptive therapy with appropriate consideration of HU in CBCT; |
| Choice D: | Does not play any role in intra-fractional motion management. |
| Question 5: For CBCT, recent machine learning-enabled developments have potential: |
| Reference: | Wang G, Ye JC, Mueller K, Fessler JA. Image reconstruction is a new frontier of machine learning. Ieee T Med Imaging. 2018;37(6):1289-1296. |
| Choice A: | Mitigating scatter artifacts; |
| Choice B: | Facilitating motion compensated reconstructions; |
| Choice C: | Improving soft tissue contrast; |
| Choice D: | Reducing image noise; |
| Choice E: | All of the above. |
| Question 6: The impact of a magnetic field on the delivered dose distributions includes: |
| Reference: | Raaijmakers et. al. “Magnetic-field-induced dose effects in MR-guided radiotherapy systems: dependence on the magnetic field strengthâ€. Phys. Med. Biol. 53 (2008) 909–923 |
| Choice A: | An asymmetrical penumbra |
| Choice B: | Dose increase at the distal side of the treatment beam |
| Choice C: | Dose increase at tissue-air interfaces |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Choice E: | None of the above |
