| Question 1: Therapeutic ultrasound protocols include: |
| Reference: | Lai CY, Fite BZ, Ferrara, KW, Ultrasonic enhancement of drug penetration in solid tumors, Frontiers in Oncology, Front Oncol. 2013;3:204. |
| Choice A: | Thermal ablation |
| Choice B: | Hyperthermia |
| Choice C: | Microbubble-based membrane and vascular destabilization |
| Choice D: | Mechanical disruption |
| Choice E: | All of the above |
| Question 2: Antigen-presenting cells activated as a result of agonist CD40 therapy include: |
| Reference: | Vonderheide RH, Glennie MJ. Agonistic CD40 antibodies and cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Mar 1;19(5):1035-43. |
| Choice A: | CD8+ T cells |
| Choice B: | Dendritic cells |
| Choice C: | Red blood cells |
| Choice D: | CD4+ T cells |
| Choice E: | All of the above |
| Question 3: Innate immune agonists include: |
| Reference: | Smith M, GarcÃa-MartÃnez E, Pitter MR, Fucikova J, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Toll-like receptor agonists in cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology. 2018 Oct 11;7(12):e1526250. |
| Choice A: | Anti-PD-1 |
| Choice B: | Anti-CTLA4 |
| Choice C: | Anti-LAG3 |
| Choice D: | CpG |
| Choice E: | All of the above |
| Question 4: Magnetic resonance image guidance of ultrasound ablation facilitates which of the following: |
| Reference: | Liu Y et al., Supersonic transient magnetic resonance elastography for quantitative assessment of tissue elasticity. Phys Med Biol. 2017 Apr 20;62(10):4083-4106; (2) Fite et al., Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Effective Ablated Volume follow |
| Choice A: | 3D view of the anatomy within the region of interest |
| Choice B: | Quantification of the change in temperature at the ablated site |
| Choice C: | Estimation of the ultrasound pressure in the region of interest through radiation force estimation |
| Choice D: | Estimation of changes in the stiffness of the treated region |
| Choice E: | All of the above |
| Question 5: When insonified with a peak negative pressure of 1.1 MPa and a center frequency of 2.4 MHz, the collapse velocity of a microbubble wall can reach: |
| Reference: | Chomas JE, Dayton PA, May D, Allen J, Klibanov A, Ferrara K. Optical observation of contrast agent destruction. Applied Physics Letters. 2000; 77:1056-8. |
| Choice A: | 10 m/s |
| Choice B: | 50 m/s |
| Choice C: | 100 m/s |
| Choice D: | More than 500 m/s |
| Question 6: Thermal effects of ultrasound generally increase with: |
| Reference: | Bigelow TA, Church CC, Sandstrom K, Abbott JG, Ziskin MC, Edmonds PD, Herman B, Thomenius KE, Teo TJ. The thermal index: its strengths, weaknesses, and proposed improvements. J Ultrasound Med. 2011 May;30(5):714-34. |
| Choice A: | Decreasing frequency |
| Choice B: | Increasing frequency |
| Choice C: | Transmission of a normalized pair of phase inversion pulses |
| Choice D: | Post processing with AI techniques |
| Choice E: | All of the above |
