| Question 1: What is the physical mechanism of focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier disruption? |
| Reference: | Burgess, A. & Hynynen, K. Noninvasive and targeted drug delivery to the brain using focused ultrasound. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 8588, 1–7 (2013). |
| Choice A: | Ultrasound reflection from the microbubbles |
| Choice B: | Microbubble cavitation-induced mechanical effect |
| Choice C: | Ultrasound thermal effect |
| Question 2: The roles of imaging in focused ultrasound-mediated brain drug delivery include: |
| Reference: | Burgess, A. & Hynynen, K. Noninvasive and targeted drug delivery to the brain using focused ultrasound. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 8588, 1–7 (2013). |
| Choice A: | Treatment Planning |
| Choice B: | Treatment monitoring |
| Choice C: | Treatment assessment |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 3: Passive cavitation imaging generates images by passively listening to acoustic emissions from ultrasound-activated micro bubbles. T/F |
| Reference: | Salgaonkar, V. A., Datta, S., Holland, C. K. & Mast, T. D. Passive cavitation imaging with ultrasound arrays. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 126, 3071–83 (2009). |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 4: Shear waves accelerate when propagating in stiffer tissues. |
| Reference: | Souchon et al., Monitoring the formation of thermal lesions with heat-induced echo-strain imaging: A feasibility study, Ultrasound in Medicine and Biolog, 31(2): 251-259 (2005). |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 5: Ultrasound-induced damages in biological tissues can always be observed with ultrasound imaging. Select all that apply. |
| Reference: | Souchon et al., Monitoring the formation of thermal lesions with heat-induced echo-strain imaging: A feasibility study, Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 31(2): 251-259 (2005). |
| Choice A: | False, it depends on exposure conditions |
| Choice B: | False, it depends on the tissues |
| Choice C: | True, damage is always visible in all tissues, independent of the ultrasound parameters. |
| Choice D: | A and B |
| Choice E: | B and C |
| Choice F: | A and C |
| Question 6: Magnetic resonance temperature measurement precision is inversely proportional to image signal-to-noise ratio |
| Reference: | Todd et al., The effects of spatial sampling choices on MR temperature measurements, Magn Reson Med 65:515-521 (2011). |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 7: Which of the following statements is true about the spatial resolution of MRI temperature measurements made during thermal therapies? |
| Reference: | Todd et al., The effects of spatial sampling choices on MR temperature measurements, Magn Reson Med 65:515-521 (2011). |
| Choice A: | Image spatial resolution has a significant effect on how the underlying temperature distribution is measured. |
| Choice B: | Voxel sizes much larger than the underlying temperature distribution accurately measure the temperature response. |
| Choice C: | All of the above. |
| Question 8: What does increased MR image signal-to-noise ratio allow? |
| Reference: | Todd et al., The effects of spatial sampling choices on MR temperature measurements, Magn Reson Med 65:515-521 (2011). |
| Choice A: | Obtain images at a higher spatial resolution |
| Choice B: | Obtain images at a higher temporal resolution |
| Choice C: | Increase the imaging field of view |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 9: All types of motion are a source of uncertainty in image guided focused ultrasound applications. Which of the following motion sources have the longest time scale, typically occurring over several minutes? |
| Reference: | Bour P, Ozenne V, Marquet F, Denis de Senneville B, Dumont E, Quesson B. Real-time 3D ultrasound based motion tracking for the treatment of mobile organs with MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound. Int J Hyperthermia. 2018 Dec;34(8):1225-1235. |
| Choice A: | Peristaltic motion |
| Choice B: | Spontaneous motion (e.g. swallowing, coughing, muscle spasms) |
| Choice C: | Respiratory motion |
| Question 10: How can the influence of respiratory motion on image-guided ultrasound procedures be addressed? |
| Reference: | Bour P, Ozenne V, Marquet F, Denis de Senneville B, Dumont E, Quesson B. Real-time 3D ultrasound based motion tracking for the treatment of mobile organs with MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound. Int J Hyperthermia. 2018 Dec;34(8):1225-1235. |
| Choice A: | Induced apneas |
| Choice B: | Gating strategies |
| Choice C: | Ultrasound imaging based tracking |
| Choice D: | Ultrasound beam steering strategies |
| Choice E: | All of the above |
