| Question 1: Which of the following statements is true? |
| Reference: | Zhu, Lifei, Michael B. Altman, Andrei Laszlo, William Straube, Imran Zoberi, Dennis E. Hallahan, and Hong Chen. "Ultrasound Hyperthermia Technology for Radiosensitization." Ultrasound in medicine & biology (2019). |
| Choice A: | Hyperthermia is a new treatment technique which does not appear to offers any therapeutic benefit when added to a treatment course for Radiation Therapy |
| Choice B: | Multiple studies have shown that ultrasound can be used for hyperthermia treatments in many treatment sites |
| Choice C: | Use of MRI with ultrasound-mediated hyperthermia offers no benefit compared to other forms of temperature monitoring |
| Choice D: | MRI is the only available form of hyperthermia temperature monitoring |
| Question 2: Which of the following are limitations of current commercial MR-guided HIFU systems when used for hyperthermia treatments? |
| Reference: | Reference: Shim, Jenny, Robert M. Staruch, Korgun Koral, Xianâ€Jin Xie, Rajiv Chopra, and Theodore W. Laetsch. "Pediatric Sarcomas Are Targetable by MRâ€Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (MRâ€HIFU): Anatomical Distribution and Radiological Characteristics." Pediatric blood & cancer 63, no. 10 (2016): 1753-1760 |
| Choice A: | Limited treatment depths (<10 cm from the surface) |
| Choice B: | Targets proximal to bones can be untreatable |
| Choice C: | Motion such as breathing or peristalsis can cause MR temperature mapping artifacts |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 3: The biomechanical effects of ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles can achieve radiation enhancement. True or False |
| Reference: | Czarnota, G. J. et al. Tumor radiation response enhancement by acoustical stimulation of the vasculature. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109, E2033–E2041 (2012). |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 4: What are the bioeffects associated with ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles used to enhance radiation therapy? |
| Reference: | El Kaffas, A. & Czarnota, G. J. Biomechanical effects of microbubbles: from radiosensitization to cell death. Future Oncol. 11, 1093–108 (2015). |
| Choice A: | Augmented ceramide production |
| Choice B: | Ceramide-induced cell death |
| Choice C: | Rapid vascular shutdown |
| Choice D: | All the above |
| Question 5: Clonogenic assays measure |
| Reference: | A. Munshi, M. Hobbs, R. E. Meyn (2005), ‘Clonogenic Cell Survival Assay’, Chemosensitivity: vol. 1: In vitro Assays, p. 21-28, |
| Choice A: | Cell viability |
| Choice B: | The loss of reproductive integrity |
| Choice C: | The fraction of necrotic cells |
| Choice D: | Proliferation |
| Question 6: The thermal dose concept |
| Reference: | S. A. Sapareto and W. C. Dewey (1984), ‘Thermal dose determination in cancer therapy’, International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, vol. 10(6), p. 787-800 |
| Choice A: | Enables to express arbitrary time temperature combinations in equivalent minutes at 43C |
| Choice B: | Provides a measure of the cells’ heat sensitivity |
| Choice C: | Is an alternative to the linear quadratic model for hyperthermia treatments |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
