| Question 1: What is the FDA limit for mechanical index for diagnostic ultrasound imaging in the presence of microbubble contrast agents? |
| Reference: | Lantheus Medical Imaging. (2018). Definity: Highlights of prescribing
information. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/021064s022lbl.pdf
Bracco (2016). Lumason: Highlights of prescribing
information. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/203684s002lbl.pdf
GE Healthcare (2016). Optison: Highlights of prescribing
information. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/020899s018s019lbl.pdf |
| Choice A: | 1.9 |
| Choice B: | 0.8 |
| Choice C: | It’s agent-dependent |
| Question 2: What factors determine the physical state (liquid vs. gas) of a perfluorocarbon (PFC) agent? |
| Reference: | P. S. Sheeran, V. P. Wong, S. Luois, R. J. McFarland, W. D. Ross, S. Feingold, T. O. Matsunaga, and P. A. Dayton, "Decafluorobutane as a phase-change contrast agent for low-energy extravascular ultrasonic imaging," Ultrasound Med Biol, vol. 37, pp. 1518-1 |
| Choice A: | Ambient temperature and pressure |
| Choice B: | Shell composition |
| Choice C: | Diameter |
| Choice D: | All of the above. |
| Question 3: How does the circulation time for nanodroplet contrast agents compare to microbubbles? |
| Reference: | P. S. Sheeran, J. D. Rojas, C. Puett, J. Hjelmquist, C. B. Arena, and P. A. Dayton, "Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging and in vivo circulatory kinetics with low-boiling-point nanoscale phase-change perfluorocarbon agents," Ultrasound Med Biol, vol. 41, pp. 814-31, Mar 2015. |
| Choice A: | Shorter than microbubbles |
| Choice B: | Longer than microbubbles |
| Choice C: | Similar to microbubble circulation time |
| Question 4: When a pulsed beam of electromagnetic radiation (X-ray, protons) strikes a material, the localized temperature increases leads to thermoelastic expansion, and it will produce: |
| Reference: | Susannah Hickling, Liangzhong Xiang, Kevin C. Jones, Katia Parodi, Walter Assmann, Stephen Avery, Maritza Hobson, Issam El Naqa: Ionizing radiation-induced acoustics for radiotherapy and diagnostic radiology applications. Medical Physics 45(7): |
| Choice A: | Acoustic waves |
| Choice B: | Visible light |
| Choice C: | Near Infrared Light |
| Choice D: | Florescent X-ray |
| Question 5: The initial acoustic pressure generated by the ionizing radiation is proportional to : |
| Reference: | Susannah Hickling, Liangzhong Xiang, Kevin C. Jones, Katia Parodi, Walter Assmann, Stephen Avery, Maritza Hobson, Issam El Naqa: Ionizing radiation-induced acoustics for radiotherapy and diagnostic radiology applications. Medical Physics 45(7): e707-e721, April 2018 |
| Choice A: | The pulse duration of the radiation beam |
| Choice B: | The deposited radiation dose in the tissue |
| Choice C: | The energy of the particles |
| Choice D: | None of the above |
| Question 6: Proton induced acoustic signals was proposed to be used for: |
| Reference: | Susannah Hickling, Liangzhong Xiang, Kevin C. Jones, Katia Parodi, Walter Assmann, Stephen Avery, Maritza Hobson, Issam El Naqa: Ionizing radiation-induced acoustics for radiotherapy and diagnostic radiology applications. Medical Physics 45(7): e707-e721, April 2018 |
| Choice A: | Tumor imaging |
| Choice B: | Image-guided surgery |
| Choice C: | Proton therapy range verification |
| Choice D: | None of the above |
| Question 7: In X-ray induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT), the signals detected are: |
| Reference: | N/A |
| Choice A: | Acoustic waves |
| Choice B: | Light |
| Choice C: | Thermal waves |
| Choice D: | X-rays |
| Question 8: The intensity of x-ray induced thermoacoustic wave is relevant to: |
| Reference: | N/A |
| Choice A: | The intensity of the x-ray beam |
| Choice B: | The density of the irradiated tissue |
| Choice C: | The Gruneisen parameter of the irradiated tissue |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 9: The frequency spectrum of the x-ray induced thermoacoustic signal is relevant to: |
| Reference: | N/A |
| Choice A: | The time duration of the x-ray pulse |
| Choice B: | The x-ray beam size |
| Choice C: | The structure of the irradiated tissue |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 10: T/F XACT stands for:X-ray induced acoustic computed tomography |
| Reference: | N/A |
| Choice A: | True. |
| Choice B: | False. |
