| Question 1: Myocardial Elastography uses radiofrequency (RF) signals for motion estimation because: |
| Reference: | E. E. Konofagou, et al., "Myocardial elastography--a feasibility study in vivo," Ultrasound Med Biol, vol. 28, pp. 475-82, Apr 2002 |
| Choice A: | No other type of signals is available in the ultrasound scanner |
| Choice B: | Motion can be estimated only from RF signals |
| Choice C: | RF signals contain phase information, allowing of better motion estimation |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Choice E: | None of the above |
| Question 2: Linear interpolation of beamformed RF signals in the lateral direction: |
| Reference: | E. Konofagou and J. Ophir, "A new elastographic method for estimation and imaging of lateral displacements, lateral strains, corrected axial strains and Poisson's ratios in tissues," Ultrasound Med Biol, vol. 24, pp. 1183-99, Oct 1998 |
| Choice A: | Deteriorates lateral displacement estimation accuracy |
| Choice B: | Improves lateral displacement estimation accuracy |
| Choice C: | Speeds up displacement estimation computation |
| Choice D: | Has no effect on displacement estimation |
| Question 3: End-systolic radial strain in an ischemic region of the ventricle is generally: |
| Reference: | J. Grondin, et al., "Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease Using Myocardial Elastography with Diverging Wave Imaging: Validation against Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Coronary Angiography," Ultrasound Med Biol, vol. 43, pp. 893-902, May 2017 |
| Choice A: | Lower than in a normal region |
| Choice B: | Higher than in a normal region |
| Choice C: | The same as in a normal region |
| Choice D: | Cannot be estimated |
| Question 4: Electromechanical wave imaging (EWI) of the heart shows temporal variation of: |
| Reference: | J. Provost, et al., "Imaging the electromechanical activity of the heart in vivo," Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 108, pp. 8565-70, May 24 2011 |
| Choice A: | End-systolic cumulative strains |
| Choice B: | Beat-to-beat peak strains |
| Choice C: | Beat-to-beat post-systolic strains |
| Choice D: | Inter-frame axial strains |
| Question 5: Local electromechanical activation of the myocardium in a given cardiac cycle: |
| Reference: | J. Provost, et al., "Imaging the electromechanical activity of the heart in vivo," Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 108, pp. 8565-70, May 24 2011 |
| Choice A: | Precedes local electrical activation |
| Choice B: | Is simultaneous with local electrical activation |
| Choice C: | Follows local electrical activation |
| Choice D: | Is independent from local electrical activation |
| Question 6: Which of the following imaging rate allows for better electromechanical activation times estimation: |
| Reference: | J. Provost, et al., "Single-heartbeat electromechanical wave imaging with optimal strain estimation using temporally unequispaced acquisition sequences," Phys Med Biol, vol. 57, pp. 1095-112, Feb 21 2012 |
| Choice A: | <30 frames per second |
| Choice B: | 30-100 frames per second |
| Choice C: | 100-500 frames per second |
| Choice D: | >500 frames per second |
| Choice E: | It does not depend on the frame rate |
| Question 7: What is one of the clinical advantages of short-lag spatial coherence applied to breast ultrasound data? |
| Reference: | Wiacek A, Rindal OMH, Falomo E, Myers K, Fabrega-Foster K, Harvey S, Bell MAL, Robust Short-Lag Spatial Coherence Imaging of Breast Ultrasound Data: Initial Clinical Results, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 66(3):527-540, 2019 |
| Choice A: | distinguish benign from fluid masses |
| Choice B: | distinguish invasive ductal carcinomas |
| Choice C: | distinguish fluid from solid hypoechoic masses |
| Choice D: | distinguish malignant from solid hyperechoic masses |
| Question 8: A novel approach to photoacoustic-guided surgery is to attach custom-designed light delivery systems to ________________ in order to visualize the proximity of major hidden blood vessels and their relationship to surgical tool tips. Fill in the blank. |
| Reference: | Eddins B and Bell MAL, Design of a multifiber light delivery system for photoacoustic-guided surgery, Journal of Biomedical Optics, 22(4),041011, 2017
Allard M, Shubert J, Bell MAL, Feasibility of photoacoustic guided teleoperated hysterectomies, Journal of Medical Imaging: Special Issue on Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling, 5(2), 021213, 2018 |
| Choice A: | surgical tools |
| Choice B: | ultrasound catheters |
| Choice C: | acoustic probes |
| Choice D: | deep learning |
| Question 9: A deep learning alternative to beamforming may be used to differentiate point-like photoacoustic sources from: |
| Reference: | Allman D, Reiter A, Bell MAL, Photoacoustic source detection and reflection artifact removal enabled by deep learning, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 37(6):1464-1477, 2018 |
| Choice A: | blood vessels |
| Choice B: | needle tips |
| Choice C: | acoustic signals |
| Choice D: | reflection artifacts |
| Question 10: Which of the following is NOT a component of novel photoacoustic system designs to guide surgeries? |
| Reference: | Bell MAL, Ostrowski AK, Li K, Kazanzides P, Boctor EM. Localization of transcranial targets for photoacoustic-guided endonasal surgeries, Photoacoustics, 3(2):78-87, 2015
Eddins B and Bell MAL, Design of a multifiber light delivery system for photoacoustic-guided surgery, Journal of Biomedical Optics, 22(4),041011, 2017 |
| Choice A: | flexible fiber-probe separation |
| Choice B: | light delivery systems that are integrated with ultrasound probes |
| Choice C: | local, internal illumination |
| Choice D: | surgical tools surrounded by optical fibers |
