| Question 1: Quantitative parameters derived from time intensity curves include |
| Reference: | A. Sridharan, J. R. Eisenbrey, P. Machado, et al.. Quantitative analysis of vascular heterogeneity in breast lesions using contrast-enhanced three-dimensional harmonic and subharmonic ultrasound imaging. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control, 62:502 – 510, 2015. |
| Choice A: | Perfusion and area under the curve |
| Choice B: | Mean transit time and peak intensity |
| Choice C: | All of the above |
| Choice D: | None of the above |
| Question 2: Subharmonic microbubbles signals develop in |
| Reference: | F. Forsberg, W. T. Shi, B. B. Goldberg: Subharmonic imaging of contrast agents. Ultrasonics, 38:93-98,2000. |
| Choice A: | Three distinct phases |
| Choice B: | Four distinct phases |
| Choice C: | Similar to second harmonic microbubble signals |
| Choice D: | Similar to third harmonic microbubble signals |
| Question 3: Noninvasive SHAPE pressure estimation in humans is only possible as a relative parameter |
| Reference: | J. K. Dave, S. V. Kulkarni, P. P. Pangaonkar, et al. Noninvasive intracardiac pressure measurements using subharmonic aided pressure estimation: proof of concept in humans. Ultrasound Med Biol, 43:2718 - 2724, 2017. |
| Choice A: | Yes, as demonstrated in the liver and cancers. |
| Choice B: | No, as demonstrated in the heart. |
| Question 4: Which of the following are AI-based potential applications in ultrasound imaging? |
| Reference: | Wang T, Press RH, Giles M, Jani AB, Rossi P, Lei Y, Curran W, Patel P, Liu T and Yang X. Multiparametric MRI-guided dose boost to dominant intraprostatic lesions in CT-based High-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy. Br J Radiol 2019; 92: 20190089. |
| Choice A: | Improving prostate segmentation accuracy and efficiency in ultrasound-guided HDR brachytherapy |
| Choice B: | Aiding MRI-ultrasound image registration for lesion-targeted HDR brachytherapy |
| Choice C: | Reducing slice thickness without any additional device involvement |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 5: Which of the following are not correct about ultrasound imaging in cancer radiotherapy? |
| Reference: | Western C, Hristov D, and Schlosser J. "Ultrasound Imaging in Radiation Therapy: From Interfractional to Intrafractional Guidance", Cureus, 7(6): e280, 2015. |
| Choice A: | The image resolution (axial) of ultrasound image is much lower than those of clinical MRI and CT |
| Choice B: | Ultrasound can be used for treatment planning |
| Choice C: | Except ultrasound-guided brachytherapy, ultrasound imaging can be used to guide external beam radiation therapy, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) |
| Choice D: | All of the above. |
| Question 6: Which of the following are correct about ultrasound imaging using AI? |
| Reference: | Presentation PPT |
| Choice A: | AI cannot improve image quality of ultrasound imaging without any hardware involvement |
| Choice B: | AI cannot improve the ultrasound image resolution in an axial slice |
| Choice C: | AI may improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis and therapy in ultrasound imaging |
| Choice D: | b and c. |
