| Question 1: For a given human tissue being homogeneous over a voxel, what is the most meaningful information that can be used to estimate its ion beam interaction properties? |
| Reference: | Hünemohr, N., Paganetti, H., Greilich, S., Jäkel, O. and Seco, J., 2014. Tissue decomposition from dual energy CT data for MC based dose calculation in particle therapy. Medical physics, 41(6Part1), p.061714. |
| Choice A: | Stopping power and I-value |
| Choice B: | Electron density and scattering power |
| Choice C: | Stopping power and radiation length |
| Choice D: | Electron density and radiation length |
| Choice E: | Stopping power and electron density |
| Choice F: | Mass density and elemental composition |
| Question 2: Identify the potential advantage(s) of dual- and multi-energy CT over conventional single-energy CT for ion beam treatment planning |
| Reference: | Bär, E., Lalonde, A., Royle, G., Lu, H.M. and Bouchard, H., 2017. The potential of dual‐energy CT to reduce proton beam range uncertainties. Medical physics, 44(6), pp.2332-2344. |
| Choice A: | A resolved degeneracy of HU-to-SPR lookup tables |
| Choice B: | A more accurate characterization of stopping power |
| Choice C: | Additional information necessary to simulate beam range degradation in tissue heterogeneities |
| Choice D: | A reduced bias of the beam range estimates |
| Choice E: | Virtual removal of contrast agents during the planning scan |
| Choice F: | All of the above |
| Question 3: What localization imaging modality most readily lends itself to adaptive proton therapy? |
| Reference: | Proton Therapy Physics, Second Edition Edited by Harald Paganetti. CRC Press, 2018. Chapter 20, Proton Image Guidance |
| Choice A: | Cone Beam CT |
| Choice B: | Helical CT on Rails |
| Choice C: | Radiographs |
| Choice D: | Surface Imaging |
| Question 4: What is the dominant source of range uncertainty in treatment of extra-cranial proton treatments? |
| Reference: | “Effect of Anatomic Changes on Pencil Beam Scanned Proton Dose Distributions for Cranial and Extracranial Tumors”, Placidi et al., IJROBP 97(3), 2017. pp 616-623 |
| Choice A: | Anatomic changes in the patient |
| Choice B: | Conversion of CT number to stopping power |
| Choice C: | CT image artifact |
| Choice D: | Patient positioning error |
| Question 5: Range calculations based upon scatter corrected CBCT imaging can achieve accuracies, compared to a reference CT, within: |
| Reference: | “Comparison of CBCT based synthetic CT methods suitable for proton
dose calculations in adaptive proton therapy.” Adrian Thummerer et al 2020 Phys. Med. Biol. 65 095002 |
| Choice A: | 0.1% |
| Choice B: | 1% |
| Choice C: | 3% |
| Choice D: | 5% |
| Choice E: | 10% |
| Question 6: Which of the following imaging modalities is least able to visualize or detect daily anatomic changes? |
| Reference: | “Investigating deformable image registration and scatter correction for CBCT‐based dose calculation in adaptive IMPT.” Kurz et al 2016 Med Phys 43(10): 5635-5646.
And
“Comparison of CBCT based synthetic CT methods suitable for proton
dose calculations in adaptive proton therapy.” Adrian Thummerer et al 2020 Phys. Med. Biol. 65:095002
And
“Managing treatment-related uncertainties in proton beam radiotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers.” Tryggestad et al 2020 J. Gastrointest. Oncol. 11(1): 212–224. |
| Choice A: | In Room CT |
| Choice B: | Model based scatter corrected CBCT |
| Choice C: | Deformed reference CT |
| Choice D: | CNN based scatter corrected CBCT |
| Choice E: | Analytic image correction |
