| Question 1: Why does PRFS thermometry work in water and not in fat? |
| Reference: | Rieke V, Butts Pauly K. MR Thermometry. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008; 27(2): 376-390. |
| Choice A: | There are no hydrogen atoms in fat molecules |
| Choice B: | Chemical shift in fat is stronger than in water |
| Choice C: | Fat molecules do not form temperature sensitive polar bonds |
| Choice D: | It is more difficult to introduce temperature changes in fat than in water |
| Question 2: What are the major challenges associated with PRFS thermometry during hepatic microwave ablations? |
| Reference: | Gorny KR, Favazza CP, et al. Practical implementation of robust MR-thermometry during clinical MR-guided microwave ablations in the liver at 1.5T. Phys Med. 2019; 67: 91-99. |
| Choice A: | Respiratory motion artifacts |
| Choice B: | Electromagnetic Interference artifacts |
| Choice C: | Elevated electronic noise caused by the action of microwave generator |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 3: The proton resonance frequency of water has a linear temperature sensitivity coefficient of approximately |
| Reference: | Rieke V, Butts Pauly K. MR thermometry. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;27(2):376‐390. doi:10.1002/jmri.21265 |
| Choice A: | -1% per degree Celsius |
| Choice B: | -0.1% per degree Celsius |
| Choice C: | -0.1 ppm per degree Celsius |
| Choice D: | -0.01 ppm per degree Celsius |
| Choice E: | -0.001 per degree Celsius |
| Question 4: Which of the following may induce temperature measurement errors due to gradient heating during acquisition |
| Reference: | Rieke V, Butts Pauly K. MR thermometry. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;27(2):376‐390. doi:10.1002/jmri.21265 |
| Choice A: | field drift |
| Choice B: | phase-wrap |
| Choice C: | magnetic susceptibility |
| Choice D: | motion and/or flow |
| Choice E: | None of the above |
| Question 5: External beam radiation delivered in a single fraction of > 25 Gy causes electrophysical and structural myocardial ablation effects. |
| Reference: | Lehmann HI, Deisher AJ, Takami M, et al. External Arrhythmia Ablation Using Photon Beams: Ablation of the Atrioventricular Junction in an Intact Animal Model. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2017;10(4):e004304. doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004304 |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 6: 3D ultrasound imaging approaches are: |
| Reference: | Fenster A, Downey D. 3-D Ultrasound Imaging. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2000; 2: 457-475. |
| Choice A: | only possible with specialized ultrasound machines. |
| Choice B: | only available in prostate brachytherapy systems. |
| Choice C: | possible with external motorized mechanical fixture. |
| Choice D: | must use either electromagnetic of optical tracking approaches when using conventional 2D ultrasound probes. |
