| Question 1: Passive cavitation imaging is useful for |
| Reference: | Haworth KJ, Bader KB, Rich KT, Holland CK, Mast TD. Quantitative Frequency-Domain Passive Cavitation Imaging. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2017;64:177–191. |
| Choice A: | Directly monitoring the temperature of tissue |
| Choice B: | Spatially mapping the origin and nature of microbubble emissions |
| Choice C: | Visualizing anatomy |
| Choice D: | Measuring blood flow |
| Question 2: Large aperture transducer arrays can provide benefits during transcranial |
| Reference: | Focusing of therapeutic ultrasound through a human skull: a numerical study. Sun J, Hynynen K. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1998;104(3):1705-15; Transcranial passive acoustic mapping with hemispherical sparse arrays using CT-based skull-specific aberration corrections: a simulation study. Jones RM, O'Reilly MA, Hynynen K, Phys. Med. Biol. 2013;58(14):4981–5005. |
| Choice A: | Therapy delivery |
| Choice B: | Treatment monitoring |
| Choice C: | All of the above |
| Question 3: Large aperture transducer arrays can provide benefits during transcranial: |
| Reference: | Focusing of therapeutic ultrasound through a human skull: a numerical study. Sun J, Hynynen K. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1998;104(3):1705-15; Transcranial passive acoustic mapping with hemispherical sparse arrays using CT-based skull-specific aberration corrections: a simulation study. Jones RM, O'Reilly MA, Hynynen K, Phys. Med. Biol. 2013;58(14):4981–5005. |
| Choice A: | Therapy delivery |
| Choice B: | Treatment monitoring |
| Choice C: | All of the above |
| Question 4: Trans-skull focused ultrasound is complicated by |
| Reference: | Schoen Jr and Arvanitis, “Heterogeneous Angular Spectrum Method for Trans-skull Imaging and Focusing” IEEE T. Med. Imag. (2019); 39(5): 1605-1614. |
| Choice A: | Reflection of incident sound waves due to higher impedance of bone |
| Choice B: | Refraction of sound waves to shape and structure of the bone |
| Choice C: | Heating due to the high absorption of the bone |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 5: PRF shift MR thermometry is capable of measuring: |
| Reference: | Rieke V, Butts Pauly K. MR thermometry. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008 Feb;27(2):376-90. |
| Choice A: | Temperature changes in water-based soft tissues |
| Choice B: | Absolute temperature in all tissues |
| Choice C: | Temperature changes in all tissues |
| Choice D: | Temperature changes in fat |
| Question 6: Transurethral ultrasound ablation incorporates multiple transducers that modulate |
| Reference: | N'djin WA, Burtnyk M, Bronskill M, Chopra R. Investigation of power and frequency for 3D conformal MRI-controlled transurethral ultrasound therapy with a dual frequency multi-element transducer. Int J Hyperthermia. 2012; 28(1):87-104. |
| Choice A: | Focal depth and pulse duration based on acoustic information |
| Choice B: | Frequency and power dynamically during treatment based on tissue temperatures measured with MRI |
| Choice C: | Frequency and power based on a pre-defined treatment plan |
| Choice D: | Power based on passive cavitation monitoring |
