| Question 1: When did the first report of ultra-high dose rates of electron radiotherapy causing hypoxia in normal tissue get published? |
| Reference: | Vozenin MC, Hendry JH, Limoli CL. Biological benefits of ultra-high dose rate FLASH radiotherapy: sleeping beauty awoken (2019) Clinical Oncology 19 30151-7. |
| Choice A: | 1970 |
| Choice B: | 1980 |
| Choice C: | 1990 |
| Choice D: | 2010 |
| Question 2: Which one is the fundamental reason for normal tissue sparing when using FLASH proton therapy? |
| Reference: | Harrington, K. J. (2019). Ultrahigh dose-rate radiotherapy: next steps for FLASH-RT. Clinical Cancer Research 25 3-5. |
| Choice A: | 5Rs (Repair, Reoxytenation, Redistribution, Repopulation, Radiosensitivity |
| Choice B: | Immune response |
| Choice C: | Patient motion |
| Choice D: | Bragg peak |
| Choice E: | It is still unknown |
| Question 3: The key challenge in using FLASH proton therapy is? |
| Reference: | Patriarca, A., C. Fouillade, M. Auger, F. Martin, F. Pouzoulet, C. Nauraye, S. Heinrich, V. Favaudon, S. Meyroneinc, R. Dendale, A. Mazal, P. Poortmans, P. Verrelle and L. De Marzi (2018). "Experimental Set-up for FLASH Proton Irradiation of Small Animals Using a Clinical System." Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 102(3): 619-626. |
| Choice A: | Normal tissues in the beam path |
| Choice B: | Low energy electron contamination |
| Choice C: | Size of the target volume |
| Choice D: | A & C |
| Question 4: Alanine dosimeters have been shown to be dose-rate independent up to dose rates of |
| Reference: | Kudoh H, Celina M, Kaye R, Gillen K and Clough R (1997) Response of alanine dosimeters at very high dose rate Applied radiation and isotopes 48 497-9. |
| Choice A: | 1e2 Gy/s |
| Choice B: | 1e3 Gy/s |
| Choice C: | 3e3 Gy/s |
| Choice D: | 3e10 Gy/s |
| Question 5: In vivo dosimetry in FLASH-RT irradiations is best performed with |
| Reference: | Simmons D A, Lartey F M, Schüler E, Rafat M, King G, Kim A, Ko R, Semaan S, Gonzalez S, Jenkins M, Pradhan P, Shih Z, Wang J, von Eyben R, Graves E E, Maxim P G, Longo F M and Loo B W (2019) Reduced cognitive deficits after FLASH irradiation of whole mouse brain are associated with less hippocampal dendritic spine loss and neuroinflammation Radiotherapy and Oncology 139 4-10. |
| Choice A: | ionization chambers |
| Choice B: | MOSFETs |
| Choice C: | TLDs |
| Choice D: | Gafchromic films |
| Question 6: The expected transition of FLASH radiotherapy to clinical practice might include: |
| Reference: | Bourhis, J., P. Montay-Gruel, P. Gonçalves Jorge, C. Bailat, B. Petit, J. Ollivier, W. Jeanneret-Sozzi, M. Ozsahin, F. Bochud, R. Moeckli, J.-F. Germond and M.-C. Vozenin (2019). Clinical translation of FLASH radiotherapy: Why and how? Radiotherapy and Oncology 139: 11-17. |
| Choice A: | Multiple FLASH irradiation fractions |
| Choice B: | Hybrid FLASH and conventional radiotherapy |
| Choice C: | Low dose rate FLASH therapy below the FLASH effect threshold |
| Choice D: | A & B but not C |
