| Question 1: Shear wave speed measured with ultrasound is a fundamentally different measurand than the elastic modulus measured with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). |
| Reference: | Muthupillai R, Lomas DJ, Rossman PJ, Greenleaf JF, Manduca A, Ehman RL. Magnetic resonance elastography by direct visualization of propagating acoustic strain waves. science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1854-7. |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 2: The speed of a shear wave in viscoelastic media depends on the frequency content of the wave? (T/F) |
| Reference: | Nightingale KR, Rouze NC, Rosenzweig SJ, Wang MH, Abdelmalek MF, Guy CD, Palmeri ML. Derivation and analysis of viscoelastic properties in human liver: impact of frequency on fibrosis and steatosis staging. IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control. 2015 Jan 12;62(1):165-75. |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 3: Errors sources associated with volume flow measurements using 2D spectral Doppler include: |
| Reference: | Hoskins PR, “Measurement of arterial blood flow by Doppler ultrasound,” Clin Phys Physiol Meas 1990; 11(1):15-17 |
| Choice A: | Inaccurate Doppler angle correction |
| Choice B: | Inaccurate vessel diameter or area measurement |
| Choice C: | Incorrect positioning of the Doppler sample volume |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 4: (True/False) Use of 3D Doppler volumes for the measurement of volumetric blood flow requires angle correction. |
| Reference: | Kripfgans OD, Rubin JM, Hall AL, Gordon MB, Fowlkes JB, “Measurement of volumetric flow,” J Ultrasound Med 2006; 25(10):1305-1311 |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 5: Rise time (RT) and mean transit time (MTT) are related to: |
| Reference: | Strouthos C, Lampaskis M, Sboros V, et al. Indicator dilution models for the quantification of microvascular blood flow with bolus administration of ultrasound contrast agents. IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control. 2010;57(6):1296-310. |
| Choice A: | Cardiac rate |
| Choice B: | Liver metabolism |
| Choice C: | Tumor local blood flow |
| Choice D: | Tumor local vascular volume |
| Question 6: The image intensity in CEUS images is: |
| Reference: | Averkiou MA, Bruce MF, Powers JE, et al. Imaging Methods for Ultrasound Contrast Agents. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. 2019. |
| Choice A: | Linearly related to the ultrasound frequency |
| Choice B: | Proportional to microbubble concentration |
| Choice C: | Inversely proportional to blood flow |
| Choice D: | Proportional to the Doppler gain |
| Question 7: What are the units of the BSC? |
| Reference: | Reference: Lavarello RJ, Ghoshal G, Oelze ML, “On the estimation of backscatter coefficients using single-element focused transducers”, J Acoust Soc Am. 2011; 129(5): 2903-2911 PMCID: PMC3114739 |
| Choice A: | 1/m |
| Choice B: | 1/m/sr |
| Choice C: | 1/MHz |
| Choice D: | MHz/m/sr |
| Question 8: What is the goal of the reference phantom method to estimate the BSC? |
| Reference: | Yao LX, Zagzebski JA, Madsen EL, “Backscatter coefficient measurements using a reference phantom to extract depth-dependent instrumentation factors,” Ultrason Imaging 1990; 12(1):58-70. PMID: 2184569 |
| Choice A: | To obtain better ultrasound B-mode images |
| Choice B: | To obtain accurate tumor size measurements |
| Choice C: | To remove system and user dependence |
| Choice D: | To reset the ultrasound scanner between each measurement |
| Question 9: Acoustic attenuation describes the loss of energy of the ultrasound pulse as it traverses tissue and, in soft tissues, it is caused by: |
| Reference: | Szabo, Thomas L. Diagnostic ultrasound imaging: inside out. Academic Press, 2nd ed. 2014 |
| Choice A: | Absorption (50%) and Scattering (50%) |
| Choice B: | Absorption (10-15%) and Scattering (85-90%) |
| Choice C: | Absorption (85-90%) and Scattering (10-15%) |
| Question 10: (True/False) Fasting status does not affect attenuation estimates in the liver |
| Reference: | Tuthill, T. A., R. B. Baggs, and K. J. Parker. "Liver glycogen and water storage: Effect on ultrasound attenuation." Ultrasound in medicine & biology 15.7 (1989): 621-627. |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
