Question 1: Which of the following modalities is considered the gold standard for the imaging of gynecologic cancers? |
Reference: | International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. (2016). ICRU Report 89: Prescribing, recording, and reporting brachytherapy for cancer of the cervix. Journal of the ICRU, 13. |
Choice A: | CT |
Choice B: | US |
Choice C: | Planar Image |
Choice D: | PET |
Choice E: | MRI |
Question 2: A variety of HDR applicators are needed for the treatment of gynecologic cancers. Which of the following applicators is not considered a standard tool for this treatment? |
Reference: | Viswanathan, A., & Thomadsen, B. (2012). American Brachytherapy Society consensus guidelines for locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix. Part I: General principles. Brachytherapy, 11(1), 33-46. |
Choice A: | Tandem and ovoid |
Choice B: | Tandem and Ring |
Choice C: | Leipzig Applicator |
Choice D: | Interstitial Applicator |
Question 3: The most common applicator used in vaginal cuff brachytherapy is: |
Reference: | Damato, A., et al. (2017). Brachytherapy for gynecological malignancies. In M. Rivard, L. Beaulieu, & B. Thomadsen (Eds), Clinical Brachytherapy Physics (pp. 225-256). Medical Physics Publishing. |
Choice A: | Tandem & Ovoid |
Choice B: | Vaginal Cylinder |
Choice C: | Tandem & Ring |
Choice D: | Interstitial Applicator |
Question 4: The total treatment time (external beam + brachytherapy) in cervical cancer patients should be limited to avoid decreased local control and survival. What is the maximum recommended total treatment duration? |
Reference: | Girinsky, T., et al. (1993). Overall treatment time in advanced cervical carcinomas: A critical parameter in treatment outcome. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 27(5), 1051-1056. |
Choice A: | 45 days |
Choice B: | 80 days |
Choice C: | 70 days |
Choice D: | 52 days |
Question 5: Dose escalation for cervical cancer via SBRT/IMRT shows no difference in overall survival when compared to brachytherapy. |
Reference: | Gill, B., et al. (2014). National cancer data base analysis of radiation therapy consolidation modality for cervical cancer: The impact of new technological advancements. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 90(5), 1083-1090 |
Choice A: | True |
Choice B: | False |
Question 6: What was the trend in brachytherpy utilization in the United States between 1988 and 2009? |
Reference: | Han, K., et al. (2013). Trends in the utilization of brachytherapy in cervical cancer in the United States. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 87(1), 111-119 |
Choice A: | Brachytherapy utilization decreased |
Choice B: | Brachytherapy utilization increased |
Choice C: | Brachytherapy utilization stayed the same |
Question 7: The susceptibility distortions in MRI field strengths up to 3.0T are generally acceptable for brachytherapy applications |
Reference: | Dimopoulos, J., et al. (2012). Recommendations from Gynaecological (GYN) GEC-ESTRO working group (IV): Basic principles and parameters for MR imaging within the frame of image based adaptive cervix cancer brachytherapy. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 103(1), 113-122. |
Choice A: | True |
Choice B: | False |
Question 8: Which of the following statements is true with regards to applicator reconstruction: |
Reference: | Hellebust, T., et al. (2010). Recommendations from Gynaecological (GYN) GEC-ESTRO working group: Considerations and pitflalls in commissioning and applicator reconstruction in 3D image-based treatment planning of cervix cancer brachytherapy. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 96(2), 153-60. |
Choice A: | Applicator reconstruction is more difficult on MRI images |
Choice B: | Applicator reconstruction is more difficult on CT images |
Choice C: | Applicator reconstruction is equally difficult on both CT and MRI images |
Choice D: | There is no known data on this |
Question 9: Which of the following statements is/are true regarding point A: |
Reference: | International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. (2016). ICRU Report 89: Prescribing, recording, and reporting brachytherapy for cancer of the cervix. Journal of the ICRU, 13. |
Choice A: | Point A overestimates absorbed target dose for large tumors |
Choice B: | Point A underestimates absorbed target dose for small tumors |
Choice C: | Both a and b |
Choice D: | None of the above |
Question 10: Based on the results of retroEMBRACE, the combination of intracavitary/interstitial treatment techniques over conventional intracavitary techniques has |
Reference: | Fokdal, L., et al. (2016). Image guided adaptive brachytherapy with combined intracavitary and interstitial technique improves the therapeutic ratio in locally advanced cervical cancer: Analysis from the retroEMBRACE study. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 120(3), 434-440. |
Choice A: | No effect at all on local control |
Choice B: | An increased probability of Local Control for tumors > 30 ccm |
Choice C: | Better tumor coverage with improved sparing of organs at risk |
Choice D: | Both b and C |