| Question 1: Which of the following does not improve SNR in the millitesla regime? |
| Reference: | N. Koonjoo, B. Zhu, G. C. Bagnall, D. Bhutto, and M. S. Rosen, “Boosting the signal-to-noise of low-field MRI with deep learning image reconstruction,” Sci Rep, vol. 11, p. 8248, Apr. 2021. |
| Choice A: | Quadrature coils |
| Choice B: | Deep learning |
| Choice C: | Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) |
| Choice D: | Signal Averaging |
| Choice E: | Susceptibility weighted imaging |
| Question 2: SABRE and Overhauser DNP are examples of what? |
| Reference: | 1. D. E. J. Waddington, M. Sarracanie, N. Salameh, F. Herisson, C. Ayata, and M. S. Rosen, “An Overhauser-enhanced-MRI platform for dynamic free radical imaging in vivo.,” NMR in Biomedicine, vol. 31, no. 5, p. e3896, May 2018.
2. S. Lehmkuhl, M. Suefke, A. Kentner, Y.-F. Yen, B. Blümich, M. S. Rosen, S. Appelt, and T. Theis, “SABRE polarized low field rare-spin spectroscopy,” The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 152, no. 18, p. 184202, May 2020 |
| Choice A: | Coil decoupling techniques |
| Choice B: | Machine learning approaches |
| Choice C: | Hyperpolarization methods |
| Choice D: | Image normalization conditions |
| Choice E: | Inverse problem regularizers |
| Question 3: The following method(s) can be exploited to recover image quality at lower field strengths: |
| Reference: | Restivo MC, Bandettini WP, Ramasawmy R, Herzka D and Campbell-Washburn AE. Efficient spiral in-out and EPI balanced steady-state free precession cine imaging using a high-performance 0.55T MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2020; 84(5):2364-2375. |
| Choice A: | Compressed sensing image reconstruction |
| Choice B: | Denoising algorithms |
| Choice C: | Spiral data acquisition |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 4: Lung image quality is improved using the 0.55T MRI system because the superconducting magnet operating at lower field results in reduced susceptibility gradients at air-tissue interfaces? |
| Reference: | Campbell-Washburn AE, Ramasawmy R, Restivo MC, Bhattacharya I, Basar B, Herzka DA, Hansen MS, Rogers T, Bandettini WP, McGuirt DR, Mancini C, Grodzki D, Schneider R, Majeed W, Bhat H, Xue H, Moss J, Malayeri AA, Jones EC, Koretsky AP, Kellman P, Chen MY, Lederman RJ, Balaban RS. Opportunities in interventional and diagnostic imaging using high-performance low field MRI. Radiology, 2019; 293(2):384-393 |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 5: The following has been a roadblock for MRI-guided invasive procedures, which is improved at lower field strengths: |
| Reference: | Campbell-Washburn AE, Ramasawmy R, Restivo MC, Bhattacharya I, Basar B, Herzka DA, Hansen MS, Rogers T, Bandettini WP, McGuirt DR, Mancini C, Grodzki D, Schneider R, Majeed W, Bhat H, Xue H, Moss J, Malayeri AA, Jones EC, Koretsky AP, Kellman P, Chen MY, Lederman RJ, Balaban RS. Opportunities in interventional and diagnostic imaging using high-performance low field MRI. Radiology, 2019; 293(2):384-393 |
| Choice A: | Image acquisition speed |
| Choice B: | Metallic device heating |
| Choice C: | Image distortion |
| Choice D: | Image reconstruction speed |
| Question 6: The improved image quality achievable for sodium imaging at 7T MRI derives primarily from: |
| Reference: | Ladd ME. High-field-strength magnetic resonance: potential and limits. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2007;18:139-52 |
| Choice A: | increased magnetic susceptibility effects of sodium nuclei |
| Choice B: | longer radiofrequency wavelengths in tissue |
| Choice C: | increased chemical shift effects of sodium nuclei |
| Choice D: | increased spin polarization of sodium nuclei |
| Question 7: Challenges related to ensuring safety of imaging at 7T are due to increased: |
| Reference: | Fagan AJ, Bitz AK, Bjorkman-Burtscher IM, et al. 7T MR Safety. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021;53:333-46 |
| Choice A: | translational force on ferromagnetic objects brought near the magnet |
| Choice B: | potential to create local SAR hotspots in the body |
| Choice C: | potential to induce severe vestibular activation in patients |
| Choice D: | (a) and (c) |
| Choice E: | (a), (b) and (c) |
| Question 8: High permittivity dielectric pads improve image quality at 7T by: |
| Reference: | Fagan AJ, Welker KM, Amrami KK, et al. Image Artifact Management for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging on a 7 T Scanner Using Single-Channel Radiofrequency Transmit Mode. Invest Radiol 2019;54:781-91 |
| Choice A: | reducing magnetic susceptibility effects close to the pads |
| Choice B: | increasing the B1+ transmit RF field close to the pads |
| Choice C: | increasing the spin polarization close to the pads |
| Choice D: | reducing the chemical shift close to the pads |
| Question 9: MRI findings at 7T associated with multiple sclerosis include: |
| Reference: | Louapre C, Beigneux Y. 7 Tesla MRI will soon be helpful to guide clinical practice in multiple sclerosis centres - Commentary. Mult Scler. 2021 Mar;27(3):360-362. doi: 10.1177/1352458520972270. Epub 2021 Jan 6. PMID: 33404350. |
| Choice A: | Central vein sign |
| Choice B: | Perivascular spaces |
| Choice C: | Cortical Lesions |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Choice E: | Both (a) and (c) |
| Question 10: Leptomeningeal enhancement is a finding that is common in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and is best demonstrated on: |
| Reference: | Zurawski J, Tauhid S, Chu R, Khalid F, Healy BC, Weiner HL, Bakshi R. 7T MRI cerebral leptomeningeal enhancement is common in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and is associated with cortical and thalamic lesions. Mult Scler. 2020 Feb;26(2):177-187. doi: 10.1177/1352458519885106. Epub 2019 Nov 12. PMID: 31714181. |
| Choice A: | Post-contrast T1 weighted images |
| Choice B: | Post-contrast T1 weighted FLAIR images |
| Choice C: | Post-contrast T2 weighted FLAIR images |
| Choice D: | T2 weighted FLAIR images |
