| Question 1: Why is simultaneous dual isotope imaging improved with Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) cameras? |
| Reference: | Ben-Haim S, Kacperski K, Hain S, et al. Simultaneous dual-radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging with a solid-state dedicated cardiac camera. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37(9):1710-1721 |
| Choice A: | CZT allows much better photon sensitivity |
| Choice B: | improved image resolution allows separation of the two isotopes |
| Choice C: | improved CZT energy resolution allows better separation of the isotope peaks |
| Choice D: | multi-pinhole collimation allows separation of two isotopes |
| Question 2: How is improved photon sensitivity of the new fast SPECT scanner achieved? |
| Reference: | Slomka PJ, Patton JA, Berman DS, Germano G. Advances in technical aspects of myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging. J Nucl Cardiol. 2009;16(2):255-276 |
| Choice A: | by the use of novel scintillation crystals |
| Choice B: | by the use of novel photon collimators |
| Choice C: | by improved attenuation correction methods |
| Choice D: | by improved digital electronics of the new scanners |
| Question 3: Many dedicated myocardial perfusion scanners are not equipped with CT to perform CT-based attenuation correction. What technique is commonly used to mitigate attenuation artifacts on the system without CT-based attenuation correction? |
| Reference: | Nakazato R, Tamarappoo BK, Kang X, et al. Quantitative upright-supine high-speed SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of coronary artery disease: correlation with invasive coronary angiography. J Nucl Med. 2010;51(11):1724–1731 |
| Choice A: | scatter correction |
| Choice B: | correction by normal limits database |
| Choice C: | two-position imaging (upright/supine or prone/supine) |
| Choice D: | sensitivity correction |
| Question 4: How can patient motion on a system with multipinhole collimation be detected? |
| Reference: | Redgate S, Barber DC, Fenner JW et al. A study to quantify the effect of patient motion and develop methods to detect and correct for motion during myocardial perfusion imaging on a CZT solid-state dedicated cardiac camera. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016;23(3):514-526 |
| Choice A: | by rotating MIP images |
| Choice B: | by rotating projection images |
| Choice C: | via polar map images |
| Choice D: | by creating dynamic pinhole images from the list mode data |
| Question 5: Periodic retuning is necessary on a conventional NaI gamma camera. Periodic QC is similarly required on a Discovery NM/CT 670 CZT. Which of the following are components of the Periodic QC workflow? |
| Reference: | NM800 & NM600 Series Nuclear Medicine Imaging Systems Quality Control Operation Guide, GE Technical Publications, Direction 5791051-1EN, Rev. 1 |
| Choice A: | Noisy pixels list update |
| Choice B: | Energy map update |
| Choice C: | Bad pixels list update |
| Choice D: | Image quality processing |
| Choice E: | All of the above |
| Question 6: How does the linear attenuation coefficient of CZT compare with that of NaI at typical energies of interest in SPECT? |
| Reference: | CZT Technology: Fundamentals and Applications, GE Healthcare |
| Choice A: | it is less than that of NaI |
| Choice B: | it is about the same as that of NaI |
| Choice C: | it is greater than that of NaI |
| Question 7: According to NEMA NU 1-2018, for discrete pixel detectors with non-removable collimators, the measurement and analysis of intrinsic spatial resolution as defined for single crystal cameras is not directly applicable. For these systems, the discrete pixel size (pitch) shall be reported. |
| Reference: | NEMA NU 1-2018, Standard for Performance Measurements of Gamma Cameras |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 8: When creating a Tc-99m extrinsic uniformity map on the GE Discovery NM/CT 670 CZT gamma camera using a fillable flood source, what is the recommended total number of counts to be collected per detector (for Jaszczak SPECT phantom tests)? |
| Reference: | NM800 & NM600 Series Nuclear Medicine Imaging Systems Calibrations, Map Creation & System Tests Manual, GE Technical Publications, Direction 5718532-1EN, Rev. 8 |
| Choice A: | 130 million |
| Choice B: | 260 million |
| Choice C: | 320 million |
| Choice D: | 400 million |
| Question 9: What is the primary advantage of CZT in molecular breast imaging? |
| Reference: | O’connor MK, Phillips SW, Smith RL, Collins DA. Molecular Breast Imaging: A New Technique Using Technetium Tc 99m Scintimammography to Detect Small Tumors of the Breast. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80(1):24-30 |
| Choice A: | improved energy resolution compared to NaI |
| Choice B: | faster response time than NaI |
| Choice C: | minimal dead space between active field of view and edge of detector |
| Choice D: | better absorption of 140 keV gamma rays compared to NaI |
| Question 10: What is the main advantage of the ring gantry CZT-based gamma camera compared to a conventional Anger gamma camera? |
| Reference: | Evaluation of a new multipurpose wholebody CzT-based camera: comparison with a dual-head Anger camera and first clinical images. Desmonts C, Bouthiba MA, Enilorac B, Nganoa C, Agostini D, Aide N. EJNMMI Phys. 2020;7(1):18 |
| Choice A: | fast planar imaging of the body |
| Choice B: | improved image quality for high energy isotopes, such as I-131 |
| Choice C: | significant improvement in spatial resolution |
| Choice D: | significant improvement in sensitivity |
