Question 1: Deformable image registration is often necessary due to the complex relationship between imaging acquired for the initial and adaptive radiation plan. |
Reference: | Brock, K., et al. (2017). Use of image registration and fusion algorithms and techniques in radiotherapy: Report of the AAPM radiation therapy committee task group no. 132. Medical Physics, 44(7), e43-e76. |
Choice A: | True |
Choice B: | False |
Question 2: Adaptive radiation therapy requires which of the following key technologies: |
Reference: | Green, O., et al. (2019). Practical clinical workflows for online and offline adaptive radiation therapy. Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 29(3), 219-227. |
Choice A: | Imaging |
Choice B: | Quality Assurance |
Choice C: | Assessment |
Choice D: | Replanning |
Choice E: | All of the above |
Question 3: Which of the following patient specific QA techniques cannot be used with online adaptive radiation therapy? |
Reference: | Reinders, S., et al. (2017). Online adaptive radiation therapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 99(4), 994-1003. |
Choice A: | Trajectory log files |
Choice B: | EPID solutions |
Choice C: | Real-time dose monitoring |
Choice D: | QA phantom in the treatment beam |
Question 4: All of the following are rationales for adapting a radiation treatment plan except: |
Reference: | Murphy, M., & Li, T. (2010). Introduction to image-guided and adaptive radiation therapy. In R. Timmerman & L. Xing (Eds), Image-guided and adaptive radiation therapy (p3-15). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. |
Choice A: | Changes in the target volume |
Choice B: | Incorrect patient set-up |
Choice C: | Changes in OAR shape and/or position |
Choice D: | Systematic swelling and edema |
Question 5: Which of the following is not a challenge to the implementation and clinical use of adaptive radiation therapy? |
Reference: | Bertholet, J., et al. (2020). Patterns of practice for adaptive and real-time radiation therapy (POP-ART RT) part II: Offline and online plan adaption for interfractional changes. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 153, 88-96. |
Choice A: | RTT training |
Choice B: | Uncertainty in dose accumulation |
Choice C: | Decreased workload |
Choice D: | Longer daily treatment times |
Choice E: | Limited image quality |
Question 6: Adaptive radiation therapy can be performed at all of the timescales except: |
Reference: | Green, O., et al. (2019). Practical clinical workflows for online and offline adaptive radiation therapy. Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 29(3), 219-227. |
Choice A: | Post-treatment follow-up appointment |
Choice B: | Offline between fractions |
Choice C: | Real time during a treatment fraction |
Choice D: | Online immediately prior to a treatment fraction |
Question 7: The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on adaptive radiation therapy is likely to be insignificant. |
Reference: | Brock, K. (2019). Adaptive radiotherapy: Moving into the future. Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 29(3), 181-184. |
Choice A: | True |
Choice B: | False |
Question 8: Adaptive radiotherapy has been clinically used in which of the following anatomical sites? |
Reference: | Glide-Hurst, C., et al., (2021). Adaptive radiation therapy (ART) strategies and technical considerations: A state of the art review from NRG Oncology, International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 109(4), 1054-1075. |
Choice A: | Head and Neck |
Choice B: | Prostate |
Choice C: | Cervix |
Choice D: | All of the above |
Choice E: | None of the above |
Question 9: Off-line adaptative therapy is most appropriate in which of the following scenarios: |
Reference: | Bertholet, J., et al. (2020). Patterns of practice for adaptive and real-time radiation therapy (POP-ART RT) part II: Offline and online plan adaption for interfractional changes. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 153, 88-96. |
Choice A: | Weight-loss |
Choice B: | Cardiac motion |
Choice C: | Rectal filling |
Choice D: | Peristaltic motion |
Question 10: AI generated contours are robust and do not require clinical review |
Reference: | Vandewinckele, L., et al. (2020). Overview of artificial intelligence-based applications in radiotherapy: Recommendations for implementation and quality assurance. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 153, 55-66. |
Choice A: | True |
Choice B: | False |