Question 1: Which of the following is (are) required for CT ventilation imaging?
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Reference: | T. Guerrero, K. Sanders, J. Noyola-Martinez, E. Castillo, Y. Zhang, R. Tapia, R. Guerra, Y. Borghero, R. Komaki, "Quantification of regional ventilation from treatment planning CT," Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 62, 630-634 (2005).
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Choice A: | 4D CT or paired expiratory/inspiratory CT. |
Choice B: | Inhaled contrast agent. |
Choice C: | Deformable image registration. |
Choice D: | Quantitative analysis of regional volume change. |
Choice E: | A,C,D |
Question 2: Which of the following affect(s) the accuracy of CT ventilation imaging?
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Reference: | T. Yamamoto, S. Kabus, C. Lorenz, E. Johnston, P.G. Maxim, M. Diehn, N. Eclov, C. Barquero, B.W. Loo, Jr., P.J. Keall, "4D CT lung ventilation images are affected by the 4D CT sorting method," Med Phys 40, 101907 (2013).
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Choice A: | 4D CT image artifacts. |
Choice B: | Deformable image registration errors. |
Choice C: | Volume of functional lung. |
Choice D: | Irregular breathing during a 4D CT scan. |
Choice E: | A,B,D |
Question 3: What is the Spearman correlation coefficient when CT ventilation is compared to other lung function imaging modalities?
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Reference: | Reference: Kipritidis J, Siva S, Hofman MS, et al. Validating and improving CT ventilation imaging by correlating with ventilation 4D-PET/CT using 68Ga-labeled nanoparticles. Medical physics 2014; 41:011910
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Choice A: | 0 |
Choice B: | 0.5 |
Choice C: | 0.99 |
Choice D: | -0.5 |
Question 4: What is the theoretical goal of CT ventilation functional avoidance radiotherapy?
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Reference: | Vinogradskiy Y, Castillo R, Castillo E, et al. Use of 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Based Ventilation Imaging to Correlate Lung Dose and Function With Clinical Outcomes. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2013; 86:366-371
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Choice A: | Improved local control. |
Choice B: | Reduced probability of pulmonary toxicity. |
Choice C: | More conformal dose distribution. |
Question 5: Several authors have performed cross-modality validation of CT ventilation imaging. Which statement best describes the differences between these studies?
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Reference: | T. Yamamoto, S. Kabus, M. Bal, P.J. Keall, S. Benedict, M. Daly, "The first patient treatment of computed tomography ventilation functional image-guided radiotherapy for lung cancer" Radiother Oncol 118(2), 227-31 (2016).
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Choice A: | Studies can differ in terms of imaging subjects (e.g. animal or human). |
Choice B: | Studies can differ in terms of reference modality (e.g. SPECT or PET). |
Choice C: | Studies can differ in terms of validation metric (e.g. Spearman or Dice). |
Choice D: | All of the above. |
Question 6: When comparing the variation of voxel values between two ventilation images, what is the difference between the Pearson correlation and the Spearman correlation? |
Reference: | • J. Kipritidis, S. Siva, M.S. Hofman, J. Callahan, R. J. Hicks, P. J. Keall, "Validating and improving CT ventilation imaging by correlating with ventilation 4D-PET/CT using 68Ga-labeled nanoparticles" Med Phys 41(1), 12 pages, (2014).
• C. Spearman, "The proof and measurement of association between two things" Am J Psychol 15(1), pp. 72-101, (1904).
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Choice A: | Pearson describes monotonicity; Spearman describes linearity. |
Choice B: | Pearson describes linearity; Spearman describes monotonicity. |
Choice C: | Pearson describes linearity; Spearman describes heterogeneity. |
Choice D: | There is no difference. |