Question 1: What is the frequency of wrong-level spine surgery?
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Reference: | Mody et al, Spine 33(2) pp 194-198, (2008) |
Choice A: | 1 in 110 |
Choice B: | 1 in 320 |
Choice C: | 1 in 3,100 |
Choice D: | 1 in 11,000 |
Question 2: A robust similarity metric for 3D-2D image registration is:
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Reference: | De Silva et al, Spine |
Choice A: | Gradient orientation |
Choice B: | The covariance matrix |
Choice C: | Projection distance error |
Choice D: | Static alignment |
Question 3: A disadvantage of model-based 3D image reconstruction compared to filtered backprojection is:
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Reference: | Wang et al, Med Phys 42(5) 2699 (2015) |
Choice A: | Reduced spatial resolution |
Choice B: | Sensitivity to artifacts |
Choice C: | Not suitable to C-arm imaging |
Choice D: | Longer computation time |
Question 4: Possible advantages of multimodality image-guided interventions are..
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Reference: | Abi-Jaoudeh et al., Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 35(5): 986–998 (2012) |
Choice A: | Improved targeting and reduced complications. |
Choice B: | Ability to deliver precision medicine. |
Choice C: | Reduced radiation |
Choice D: | (a) and (c) only |
Choice E: | (a), (b) and (c) |
Question 5: To implement multimodality image guidance, one needs....
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Reference: | Abi-Jaoudeh et al., Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 35(5): 986–998 (2012) |
Choice A: | A hybrid scanner |
Choice B: | Image registration |
Choice C: | Spatial tracking |
Choice D: | Multispectral CT |
Choice E: | Options (a), (b) and (c) |
Question 6: Intra-operative MRI-guidance has been demonstrated as beneficial for which types of brain surgery?
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Reference: | Tempany, Clare, et al. "Multimodal imaging for improved diagnosis and treatment of cancers." Cancer 121.6 (2015): 817-827. |
Choice A: | Glioma resection |
Choice B: | Meningioma resection |
Choice C: | Aneurysm surgery |
Question 7: AMIGO is....
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Reference: | Reference: Tempany, Clare, et al. "Multimodal imaging for improved diagnosis and treatment of cancers." Cancer 121.6 (2015): 817-827. |
Choice A: | A clinical testbed for translational research in image-guided therapy. |
Choice B: | A routine operating room at Brigham and Women’s hospital. |
Choice C: | A unique resource that contains intra-operative MRI, PET/CT, angio, ultrasound, mass-spectrometry, all in the same operating suite. |
Choice D: | (a and c). |
Question 8: Mass-spectrometry can potentially transform the workflow of neurosurgery by....
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Reference: | Eberlin, Livia S., et al. "Ambient mass spectrometry for the intraoperative molecular diagnosis of human brain tumors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110.5 (2013): 1611-1616.
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Choice A: | Providing tissue characterization at tumor margins in real-time in the OR. |
Choice B: | Providing cost-effective analysis of tissue, but with a significant delay. |
Choice C: | Improving the quality of ultrasound imaging in the operating room. |
Question 9: What are the possible mechanisms of action in therapeutic HIFU? |
Reference: | Tempany CM, McDannold NJ, Hynynen K, Jolesz FA. Focused ultrasound surgery in oncology: overview and principles. Radiology 2011 Apr;259(1):39-56. doi: 10.1148/radiol.11100155.
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Choice A: | Thermal. |
Choice B: | Ionization. |
Choice C: | Pressure. |
Choice D: | Excision. |
Choice E: | A and C. |
Question 10: What properties of magnetic resonance imaging lend themselves to image-guidance in HIFU applications in thermal ablation planning and treatment monitoring? |
Reference: | Hectors SJ, Jacobs I, Moonen CT, Strijkers GJ, Nicolay K. MRI methods for the evaluation of high intensity focused ultrasound tumor treatment: Current status and future needs. Magn Reson Med. 2016 Jan;75(1):302-17. doi: 10.1002/mrm.25758. |
Choice A: | Soft tissue contrast resolution. |
Choice B: | 3D imaging. |
Choice C: | Angiography. |
Choice D: | Temperature mapping. |
Choice E: | All of the above. |