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Deformable Image Registration for Residual Organ Motion Estimation in Respiratory Gated Treatments with Scanned Carbon Ion Beams

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G Meschini

G Meschini1*, M Seregni1 , A Pella2 , G Baroni 1,2 , M Riboldi1,2 , (1) Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, (2) Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica, Pavia, Italy

Presentations

SU-F-J-80 (Sunday, July 31, 2016) 3:00 PM - 6:00 PM Room: Exhibit Hall


Purpose: At the Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO, Pavia, Italy) C-ions respiratory gated treatments of patients with abdominal tumours started in 2014. In these cases, the therapeutic dose is delivered around end-exhale. We propose the use of a respiratory motion model to evaluate residual tumour motion. Such a model requires motion fields obtained from deformable image registration (DIR) between 4DCT phases, estimating anatomical motion through interpolation. The aim of this work is to identify the optimal DIR technique to be integrated in the modeling pipeline.

Methods: We used 4DCT datasets from 4 patients to test 4 DIR algorithms: Bspline, demons, log-domain and symmetric log domain diffeomorphic demons. We evaluate DIR performance in terms of registration accuracy (RMSE between registered images) and anatomical consistency of the motion field (Jacobian) when registering end-inhale to end-exhale. We subsequently employed the model to estimate the tumour trajectory within the ideal gating window.

Results: Within the liver contour, the RMSE is in the range 31-46 HU for the best performing algorithm (Bspline) and 43-145 HU for the worst one (demons). The Jacobians featured zero negative voxels (which indicate singularities in the motion field) for the Bspline fields in 3 of 4 patients, whereas diffeomorphic demons fields showed a non-null number of negative voxels in every case. GTV motion in the gating window measured less than 7 mm for every patient, displaying a predominant superior-inferior (SI) component.

Conclusion: The Bspline algorithm allows for acceptable DIR results in the abdominal region, exhibiting the property of anatomical consistency of the computed field. Computed trajectories are in agreement with clinical expectations (small and prevalent SI displacements), since patients lie wearing semi-rigid immobilizing masks. In future, the model could be used for retrospective estimation of organ motion during treatment, as guided by the breathing surrogate signal.


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