| Question 1: Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) computed from diffusion MRI signals is most likely related to: |
| Reference: | Chen L, Liu M, Bao J, et al. The Correlation between Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Tumor Cellularity in Patients: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2013; 8(11):e79008. |
| Choice A: | Proton density |
| Choice B: | Cerebral blood flow (CBF) |
| Choice C: | Cellularity |
| Choice D: | Tissue oxygenation level |
| Question 2: If the maximal diffusion-weighting gradient amplitude is used in a sequence, a higher b-value can lead to: |
| Reference: | Bernstein MA, King KF, and Zhou XJ. “Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences”. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, 2004; Chapter 17.2. |
| Choice A: | Longer TR |
| Choice B: | Wider receiver bandwidth |
| Choice C: | Larger matrix size |
| Choice D: | Longer TE |
| Question 3: Parallel imaging is often employed in clinical diffusion MRI with a single-shot echo planar imaging sequence, primarily because it can: |
| Reference: | Bammer R, Holdsworth SJ, Veldhuis WB, Skare ST. New Methods in Diffusion-Weighted and Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2009;17(2):175-204. |
| Choice A: | Reduce the image distortion |
| Choice B: | Reduce the diffusion gradient amplitude |
| Choice C: | Increase the signal-to-noise ratio |
| Choice D: | Enhance the diffusion image contrast |
| Question 4: Which MRI technique is NOT used to map blood perfusion in our body? |
| Reference: | Essig M, Shiroishi MS, Nguyen TB, et al. Perfusion MRI: The Five Most Frequently Asked Technical Questions. AJR American journal of roentgenology. 2013;200(1):24-34. |
| Choice A: | Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI |
| Choice B: | Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI |
| Choice C: | Arterial spin labeling MRI |
| Choice D: | Magnetic resonance angiography |
| Question 5: Which MRI perfusion or angiography technique utilizes blood as an endogenous contrast agent? |
| Reference: | Essig M, Shiroishi MS, Nguyen TB, et al. Perfusion MRI: The Five Most Frequently Asked Technical Questions. AJR American journal of roentgenology. 2013;200(1):24-34. |
| Choice A: | Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI |
| Choice B: | Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI |
| Choice C: | Arterial spin labeling MRI |
| Choice D: | Contrast-enhanced MR angiography |
| Question 6: Which MRI technique is used to assess tissue permeability best? |
| Reference: | Khalifa F, Soliman A, El-Baz A, et al. Models and methods for analyzing DCE-MRI: a review. Med Phys. 2014 Dec;41(12):124301. |
| Choice A: | Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI |
| Choice B: | Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI |
| Choice C: | Arterial spin labeling MRI |
| Choice D: | Magnetic resonance angiography |
| Question 7: During neural activation, which of the following results in the fMRI blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal increase? |
| Reference: | Ogawa S, Tank DW, Menon R, Ellermann JM, Kim SG, Merkle H, Ugurbil K. Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jul 1;89(13):5951-5. |
| Choice A: | Increased regional blood flow, venous-blood oxygenation and field homogeneity |
| Choice B: | Decreased regional blood flow, venous-blood oxygenation and field homogeneity |
| Choice C: | Increased regional blood flow, decreased venous-blood oxygenation, and increased field homogeneity |
| Choice D: | Increased regional blood flow, no change in venous-blood oxygenation, and increased field homogeneity |
| Question 8: Which of the following MRI pulse sequences is most commonly used for fMRI? |
| Reference: | Bandettini PA. Selection of the optimal pulse sequence for functional MRI. In: Jezzard P, Matthews PM, Smith SM, eds. Functional MRI an Introduction to Methods. 1st ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2001:123-143. |
| Choice A: | T1-weighted conventional spin echo |
| Choice B: | T2-weighted fast spin echo |
| Choice C: | T2*-weighted conventional gradient echo |
| Choice D: | T2*-weighted gradient-echo echo-planar imaging |
| Question 9: All of the following are MRS localization sequences EXCEPT: |
| Reference: | de Graaf RA. In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: Principles and Techniques. 2nd ed. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2007. doi:10.1002/9780470512968 |
| Choice A: | STEAM |
| Choice B: | VAPOR |
| Choice C: | LASER |
| Choice D: | PRESS |
| Question 10: Which peak is most commonly elevated in neoplasms: |
| Reference: | Öz, Gülin, et al. "Clinical proton MR spectroscopy in central nervous system disorders." Radiology 270.3 (2014): 658-679. |
| Choice A: | N-acetylaspartate (NAA) |
| Choice B: | Creatine |
| Choice C: | Citrate |
| Choice D: | Choline |
