| Question 1: Which of the following cannot reduce Motion artifacts in abdominal and thoracic MRI? |
| Reference: | Motion compensation strategies in magnetic resonance imaging, van Heeswijk et al., Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 40(2):99-119 (2012) |
| Choice A: | reducing the scan time |
| Choice B: | gating the MRI sequence to a motion surrogate signal |
| Choice C: | asking the patient to hold breath |
| Choice D: | changing the center modulation frequency of the excitation pulses |
| Question 2: Which of the following does Compressed sensing MRI not do? |
| Reference: | M. Lustig, D. L. Donoho, J. M. Santos and J. M. Pauly, "Compressed Sensing MRI," in IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 72-82, March 2008, doi: 10.1109/MSP.2007.914728 |
| Choice A: | reduce scan time |
| Choice B: | under-sample the k-space |
| Choice C: | require signal from multiple coils |
| Choice D: | uses the sparsity in the MR images for reconstruction |
| Question 3: which of the following is a requirement for Non-Cartesian image reconstruction? |
| Reference: | Fast spiral coronary artery imaging. Meyer et al., Magn Reson Med, 1992; 28:202-213 |
| Choice A: | gridding of non-Cartesian samples to grid points in k-space |
| Choice B: | gradient delay calibration |
| Choice C: | iterative reconstruction steps |
| Choice D: | all of the above |
| Question 4: Which pulse sequence produces less susceptibility-caused geometrics distortion in diffusion weighted images |
| Reference: | N. Weiskopf, C. Hutton, O. Josephs, R. Deichmann. Optimal EPI parameters for reduction of susceptibility-induced BOLD sensitivity losses: W whole-brain analysis a t 3T and 1.5 T. NeuroImage, 33:493-504.2006 |
| Choice A: | single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence with a parallel imaging factor of 0 |
| Choice B: | Multishot fast spin echo sequence with PROPELLER k-space acquisition |
| Choice C: | Multishot readout segmentation of long variable echo trains (RESOLVE) EPI sequence |
| Question 5: Which pulse sequence can acquire dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) images for vasculature parameter quantification with less susceptibility-caused geometrics distortion |
| Reference: | M.S. Shiroishi, G. Castellazzi, J. L. Boxerman, F. D’Amore, M. Essig, T. B. Nguyen, J. M. Provenzale, D. S. Enterline, N. Anzalone, A. Dorfler, A. Rovira, M. Wintermark, M. Law. Principles of T2*-weighted dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI technique in brain tumor imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging, 41(2):296-313, 2015. |
| Choice A: | T2* weighted EPI based gradient-echo sequence |
| Choice B: | T2 weighted fast spin-echo sequence |
| Choice C: | T1 weighted fast gradient-echo sequence |
| Question 6: Which sequence can provide a better 3D information of abdominal organ motion? |
| Reference: | C. Prieto, S. Uribe, R. Razavi, D. Atkinson, T. Schaeffter. 3D undersampled golden-radial phase encoding for DCE-MRA using inherently regularized iterative SENSE. Magn Reson Med, 64(2):514-526, 2010. |
| Choice A: | 2D CINE sequence |
| Choice B: | 3D radial stack-of-star gradient-echo sequence |
| Choice C: | 3D fat-water separation Dixon sequence |
| Question 7: Which of the following sequences are commonly used for RT MRI imaging? |
| Reference: | MRI for Radiotherapy: Planning, Delivery and Response Assessment, Gary Liney and Uulke van der Heide, Editors, Springer Nature, 2019 |
| Choice A: | 3D T1 |
| Choice B: | 3D T2 |
| Choice C: | 3D T2 post-contrast |
| Choice D: | CEST |
| Choice E: | a, b, c |
| Choice F: | a, b |
| Question 8: Which of the following sequences typically produces the least amount of geometric distortion for anatomical imaging? |
| Reference: | MRI for Radiotherapy: Planning, Delivery and Response Assessment, Gary Liney and Uulke van der Heide, Editors, Springer Nature, 2019 |
| Choice A: | Spin echo sequences |
| Choice B: | Spin echo sequences with geometric distortion correction turned on |
| Choice C: | Echo planer imaging |
| Choice D: | Echo planer imaging with geometric distortion correction turned on |
| Question 9: Which of the following statements are not necessarily true? |
| Reference: | Spatial Precision in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Radiation Therapy: The Role of Geometric Distortion.,Int J. Radiat. Oncol.Biol Phys, 2016 |
| Choice A: | Geometric distortions are determined by gradient coil linearity and B0 field homogeneity |
| Choice B: | With proper optimization, geometric distortion in MRI can reach less than 1mm for head scan |
| Choice C: | Geometric distortion in low field MRI is less than a high field MRI system |
| Choice D: | The magnitude of geometric distortion in bone-soft tissue boundary are usually less than 5 mm in modern 1.5T MRI. |
| Question 10: Which of the following tissue property is measured by Diffusion weighted MRI (DWI)? |
| Reference: | Thoeny et al. Predicting and monitoring cancer treatment response with diffusion-weighted MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010 32(1): 2–16 |
| Choice A: | Hypoxia |
| Choice B: | Cellularity |
| Choice C: | Metabolism |
| Choice D: | cell density |
| Choice E: | b |
| Choice F: | b,d |
