| Question 1: Effective dose (E ) |
| Reference: | Martin CJ, Harrison JD, Rehani MM. Effective dose from radiation exposure in medicine: Past, present, and future. Phys Med. 2020 Nov;79:87-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.10.020. Epub 2020 Nov 13. PMID: 33197830. |
| Choice A: | Is a dose quantity that should not be used in medical practice |
| Choice B: | Has proved to be a very valuable quantity in day-to-day situations with a proper understanding of its limitations |
| Choice C: | Is only to be used for occupational radiation protection, not for patient protection |
| Choice D: | Can be used in all exposure situations like CT of extremities |
| Question 2: Cumulative effective dose |
| Reference: | Martin CJ, Harrison JD, Rehani MM. Effective dose from radiation exposure in medicine: Past, present, and future. Phys Med. 2020 Nov;79:87-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.10.020. Epub 2020 Nov 13. PMID: 33197830 |
| Choice A: | is the only quantity that can reasonably and practically be used to sum doses from different types of exposures |
| Choice B: | Should not be estimated as it is dose to a phantom not to the patient |
| Choice C: | Is only to be used for risk estimation rather than as a dose quantity |
| Choice D: | Is not applicable in combining dose from X-ray and nuclear medical exposures |
| Question 3: ICRP have developed effective dose as a dose quantity: |
| Reference: | ICRP 2021 The Use of Dose Quantities in Radiological Protection. Publication 147, Ann ICRP 50(1) |
| Choice A: | that provides an accurate measure of risk |
| Choice B: | in which estimated doses to organs of an individual are weighted according to the risk of inducing cancer |
| Choice C: | equal to the sum of equivalent doses in organs and tissues within a reference phantom weighted according to the risk of stochastic effects |
| Choice D: | related to risk that can be used for comparing doses to individual patients |
| Question 4: ICRP recommend that effective dose can be used: |
| Reference: | ICRP 2021 The Use of Dose Quantities in Radiological Protection. Publication 147, Ann ICRP 50(1) |
| Choice A: | When considering risks in the justification of medical imaging procedures |
| Choice B: | For setting diagnostic reference levels for different examinations |
| Choice C: | For comparing doses for examinations in different hospitals |
| Choice D: | For collection of data for patient dose surveys |
| Choice E: | For calculating the risk of dying of cancer |
| Question 5: In CT, the estimation of effective dose from CT dose index is prone to errors for all these reasons except which one? |
| Reference: | Fu W, Ria F, Segars WP, Choudhury KR, Wilson JM, Kapadia A, Samei E. Patient-informed organ dose estimation in clinical computed tomography: implementation and effective dose assessment in 1048 clinical patients. AJR 216(3): 824-834, 2021. |
| Choice A: | Because that process does not account for patient size |
| Choice B: | Because that process does not account for tube current modulation |
| Choice C: | Because that process does not account for patient age |
| Choice D: | Because that process does not account for the kV setting of the exam |
| Question 6: Radiation Risk Index is a more comprehensive reflection of patient risk because |
| Reference: | Reference: Li X, Samei E, Segars W, Sturgeon G, Colsher J, Frush DP. Patient-specific dose and risk estimation in pediatric chest CT. Radiology 259(3): 862-874, 2011. |
| Choice A: | It accounts for patients fear of radiation |
| Choice B: | It accounts for patient age and gender |
| Choice C: | It accounts for the prior radiation exposure of the patient |
| Choice D: | It accounts for the safety of the exam for the operator |
