Question 1: What is the source of acoustic signal in proton beam therapy? |
Reference: | Parodi and Assmann, Ionoacoustics: A new direct method for range verification, Modern Physics Letters A Vol. 30, No. 17 (2015) 1540025 |
Choice A: | Thermal expansion of tissue, following illumination with the laser light used for patient positioning. |
Choice B: | Thermal expansion of tissue, following the energy deposition of the proton beam, which is enhanced at the Bragg peak and for pulsed beam delivery. |
Choice C: | Oscillations of the tissue, in resonance with the pulsed beam delivery. |
Choice D: | No acoustic signal can be produced in proton beam therapy. |
Question 2: 1. The most important mechanism in producing a significant proportion of low-energy photons in a low-Z target beam line is: |
Reference: | Reference: Galbraith, Med Phys. 1989 Sep-Oct;16(5):734-46. |
Choice A: | Electron-electron bremsstrahlung. |
Choice B: | Use of thinner targets, reducing total attenuation. |
Choice C: | Reduced absorption of the low-E population due to a lower cross-section for photon interaction. |
Choice D: | Reduced absorption by removing the flattening filter. |
Question 3: Experimental low-Z target beam lines have contained up to the following percentage of photons in the diagnostic range: |
Reference: | Reference: Parsons and Robar, Med Phys. 2015 Sep;42(9):5258-69. |
Choice A: | 10% |
Choice B: | 22% |
Choice C: | 43% |
Choice D: | 54% |
Question 4: Magnetic resonance imaging possesses the following properties, except: |
Reference: | Kunjuchan et al Chem Rev 2015 ; 115(19):10907-37 |
Choice A: | High spatial resolution. |
Choice B: | High soft tissue contrast. |
Choice C: | High versatility. |
Choice D: | High contrast agent sensitivity. |
Question 5: Transmission line theory is relevant when: |
Reference: | Reference: Ragan, George L. (1965) Microwave Transmission Circuits. New York, NY: Dover. |
Choice A: | The signal wavelength is much larger than the physical circuit dimensions |
Choice B: | The signal wavelength is of comparable size or smaller than the physical circuit dimensions. |
Choice C: | PCB trace widths are > 5 mm. |
Choice D: | Transmission line theory is always relevant. |
Question 6: Which application is envisioned by acoustic signal detection in proton beam therapy? |
Reference: | Parodi and Assmann, Ionoacoustics: A new direct method for range verification, Modern Physics Letters A Vol. 30, No. 17 (2015) 1540025 |
Choice A: | Reconstruction of the body temperature for combined hyperthermal treatment. |
Choice B: | Reconstruction of the biological effect of the radiation. |
Choice C: | Verification of the proton beam range in-vivo and quasi in real-time. |
Choice D: | Detection of the tissue acoustic properties for enhanced ultrasound image guidance. |