| Question 1: For an average patient, fluoroscopic table-top entrance air kerma rates.... |
| Reference: | Balter, S., Interventional Fluoroscopy: Physics, Technology, Safety. 2001, New York: Wiley-Liss. |
| Choice A: | Are similar for a fluorescent screen and a ZnCdS Image Intensifier. |
| Choice B: | Were reduced by about 1,000 when image intensifiers were introduced. |
| Choice C: | Were reduced by about 1,000 when image intensifiers were introduced provided that the operator dark-adapted before use. |
| Choice D: | Are similar for ZnCdS and CsI Image Intensifiers. |
| Question 2: Accurate (better than 10% uncertainty) display of KV and mA is needed... |
| Reference: | European_Commission, RP-162 Criteria for Acceptability of Radiological, Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy Equipment. 2012: Luxembourg. |
| Choice A: | When automatically controlling the visual brightness of a screen fluoroscope. |
| Choice B: | When manually controlling the visual brightness of an image intensifier. |
| Choice C: | When automatically controlling the visual brightness of an image intensifier. |
| Choice D: | When manually controlling the density of angiographic films. |
| Question 3: Which of the following is true regarding fluoroscopic integrated radiation displays? |
| Reference: | Lin, P.J., et al., Accuracy and calibration of integrated radiation output indicators in diagnostic radiology: A report of the AAPM Imaging Physics Committee Task Group 190. Med Phys, 2015. 42(12): p. 6815-29. |
| Choice A: | No required displays indicate peak skin dose. |
| Choice B: | All fluoroscopes used in the USA must have such displays. |
| Choice C: | The uncertainty of displayed information must be better than 10%. |
| Choice D: | AAPM’s TG-125 report defines the appropriate calibration protocol. |
| Question 4: NEMA standard XR-31:2016 .... |
| Reference: | NEMA XR-31:2016 |
| Choice A: | Provides a baseline with features for x-ray imaging systems. |
| Choice B: | Provides a baseline with features for x-ray imaging systems for interventional procedures. |
| Choice C: | Supports the use of image intensifier based systems as state of the art. |
| Choice D: | a and c. |
| Question 5: NEMA standard XR-27:2012.... |
| Reference: | NEMA XR-27:2012 |
| Choice A: | Will provide medical physicists with controlled access for:
– X-ray dose related constancy testing
– Export of images
– Auditing dose information in exam protocols
– Radiation dose structured reporting (RDSR) |
| Choice B: | Will provide controlled access for:
– X-ray dose related constancy testing only |
| Choice C: | Is a replacement for system calibration procedures |
| Choice D: | B and C. |
| Question 6: For a typical cardiac adult acquisition scenario (fixed C-arm Angio system) an automatic dose rate control using 5 x-ray parameters can increase dose efficiency over using 3 parameters by approx.: |
| Reference: | Dehairs M, et al: Evaluation of automatic dose rate control for flat panel imaging using a spatial frequency domain figure of merit; Phys. Med. Biol. 62 (2017) 6610-30 |
| Choice A: | 5% |
| Choice B: | 10% |
| Choice C: | 33% |
| Choice D: | 50% |
| Choice E: | 90% |
