| Question 1: Anti-Pd1 drugs work by: |
| Reference: | Patil, S, Rao, RS, Majumdar, B. T-cell Exhaustion and Cancer Immunotherapy. J Int Oral Health 2015;7(8):i-ii. |
| Choice A: | Interfering with DNA replication. |
| Choice B: | Help kill cancer cells by direct antibody -dependent cell mediate cytotoxicity (ADCC). |
| Choice C: | Help improve T cell activity so that they can keep killing cancer cells . |
| Choice D: | Helping to deplete Tregs to promote and more immune stimulator microenvironment. |
| Question 2: In the PACIFIC trial which population of patients do NOT benefit from anti-PDL1 after chemoradiation: |
| Reference: | Antonia, SJ, Villegas, A, Daniel, D, et al. Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med 2017;377(20):1919-1929. |
| Choice A: | Patients with PDL1 high expressing tumors. |
| Choice B: | Patients with PDL1 low expressing. |
| Choice C: | Patients with EGFR mutated tumors. |
| Choice D: | Patient with a smoking history. |
| Question 3: Tumor stroma serves to inhibit immune cells from penetrating the tumor and slows down T cell motility: |
| Reference: | Bremnes, RM, Dønnem, T, Al-Saad, S, et al. The role of tumor stroma in cancer progression and prognosis: emphasis on carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2011;6(1):209-217. |
| Choice A: | True. |
| Choice B: | False. |
| Question 4: Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is: |
| Reference: | Topalian SL, Taube JM, Anders RA and Pardoll DM. Mechanism-driven biomarkers to guide immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2016; 16: 275-87. |
| Choice A: | An antibody. |
| Choice B: | A vaccine. |
| Choice C: | A protein expressed on tumor and immune cells. |
| Choice D: | A protein that kills cancer cells. |
| Question 5: Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in the tumor is important for: |
| Reference: | Topalian SL, Taube JM, Anders RA and Pardoll DM. Mechanism-driven biomarkers to guide immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2016; 16: 275-87. |
| Choice A: | Immune evasion. |
| Choice B: | Producing tumor specific antibodies. |
| Choice C: | Attacking virus or bacteria. |
| Choice D: | Improving tumor blood flow. |
| Question 6: Peptide-based PD-L1 PET imaging agents: |
| Reference: | Chatterjee S, Lesniak WG, Miller MS, et al. Rapid PD-L1 detection in tumors with PET using a highly specific peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017; 483: 258-63. |
| Choice A: | Are very large chemical entities. |
| Choice B: | Provide high contrast images within 60 min. |
| Choice C: | Bind PD-1. |
| Choice D: | Need several days to provide high contrast images. |
