| Question 1: T2-mapping MRI is used in MSK imaging to assess... |
| Reference: | “Imaging in mechanical back pain: Anything new?” Hansen, B.B. et al., Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , 766 - 785 |
| Choice A: | Water content in intervertebral discs. |
| Choice B: | Disc proteoglycan content. |
| Choice C: | Fat concentration. |
| Choice D: | Crystal depositions. |
| Choice E: | Muscle atrophy. |
| Question 2: Which of the following modalities can be used for dynamic kinematic imaging? |
| Reference: | Functional Joint Imaging Using 256-MDCT: Technical Feasibility,” V. Kalia et al, American Journal of Roentgenology. 2009;192: W295-W299. 10.2214/AJR.08.1793 |
| Choice A: | Fluoroscopy |
| Choice B: | CT |
| Choice C: | US |
| Choice D: | MRI |
| Choice E: | A and C |
| Choice F: | All of the above |
| Question 3: One possible method for measuring the velocity of blood with MRI is: |
| Reference: | Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design, 2nd Edition
Robert W. Brown, Y.-C. Norman Cheng, E. Mark Haacke, Michael R. Thompson, Ramesh Venkatesan, ISBN: 978-0-471-72085-0, Jun 2014, Wiley-Blackwell
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| Choice A: | The change in T1 relaxation time. |
| Choice B: | The change in the phase of the measured signal. |
| Choice C: | The change in chemical shift of the signal. |
| Choice D: | Adding flow compensation gradients to the pulse sequence. |
| Question 4: The Agatston Score is used to: |
| Reference: | Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography
Arthur S. Agatston, et. al. Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Volume 15, Issue 4, March 1990
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| Choice A: | Quantify the degree of stenosis of a coronary vessel in coronary CTA. |
| Choice B: | Quantify the amount of lipid in a coronary lesion observed on coronary CTA. |
| Choice C: | Count the calories in one day on the South Beach Diet. |
| Choice D: | Quantify the amount of calcium found in the coronary arteries. |
| Question 5: For 50% of patients, the radiation dose for a modern “low dose” CT function study obtaining images over the entire cardiac cycle is less than: |
| Reference: | Submillisievert Median Radiation Dose for Coronary Angiography with a Second-Generation 320–Detector Row CT Scanner in 107 Consecutive Patients. Marcus Y. Chen, MD, Sujata M. Shanbhag, MD, and Andrew E. Arai, MD, Radiology 267: (2013), PMID: 23340461 |
| Choice A: | 10 mSv |
| Choice B: | 5 mSv |
| Choice C: | 2 mSv |
| Choice D: | 1 mSv |
| Choice E: | 0.5 mSv |
| Question 6: What imaging modalities are typically used for measuring normal and pathogenic processes in neurodegenerative diseases? Choose two of the following |
| Reference: | Jack, C. R., Jr., et al. (2013). "Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers." Lancet neurology 12(2): 207-216. |
| Choice A: | CT |
| Choice B: | PET |
| Choice C: | MRI |
| Choice D: | SPECT |
| Choice E: | X-ray |
| Choice F: | B and C. |
| Question 7: Which pathology is observed earliest in Alzheimer’s disease? |
| Reference: | Jack, C. R., Jr., et al. (2013). "Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers." Lancet neurology 12(2): 207-216. |
| Choice A: | Neurofibrillary Tangles |
| Choice B: | Amyloid Plaques |
| Choice C: | Neurodegeneration |
| Choice D: | Hippocampal Sclerosis |
| Choice E: | Lewy Bodies |
| Question 8: Which scan does not provide direct information about cerebrovascular disease? |
| Reference: | Wardlaw, J. M., et al. (2013). "Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration." Lancet neurology 12(8): 822-838. |
| Choice A: | FLAIR MRI. |
| Choice B: | T2* GRE MRI. |
| Choice C: | Diffusion Tensor Imaging. |
| Choice D: | Tau-PET. |
| Question 9: Which pathology is found in majority of Alzheimer’s disease patients? |
| Reference: | Schneider, J. A., et al. (2009). "The neuropathology of probable Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment." Ann Neurol66(2): 200-208. |
| Choice A: | TDP-43 |
| Choice B: | Cerebrovascular pathology |
| Choice C: | Hippocampal Sclerosis |
| Choice D: | Lewy Bodies |
| Question 10: The region of core or unsalvageable tissue in ischemic stroke is characterized by the following combination of findings in perfusion CT: |
| Reference: | Wintermark M, Flanders AE, Velthuis B, Meuli R, van Leeuwen M, Goldsher D, et al. Perfusion-CT assessment of infarct core and penumbra: receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in 130 patients suspected of acute hemispheric stroke. Stroke. 2006;37:979–985. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000209238.61459.39.
Murphy BD, Fox AJ, Lee DH, Sahlas DJ, Black SE, Hogan MJ, et al. Identification of penumbra and infarct in acute ischemic stroke using computed tomography perfusion-derived blood flow and blood volume measurements. Stroke. 2006;37:1771–1777. doi: 10.1161/01. STR.0000227243.96808.53.
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| Choice A: | Mean transit time (MTT) |
| Choice B: | Cerebral blood volume (CBV) |
| Choice C: | Cerebral blood flow (CBF) |
| Choice D: | Increased MTT and CBV, and reduced CBF |
