| Question 1: Which of the following metrics represent an early example of making the efficacy vs toxicity tradeoff explicit and quantitative? |
| Reference: | Agren A, Brahme A, Turesson I. Optimization of uncomplicated control for head and neck tumors. Int J of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 1990: 19(4); 1077-1085. |
| Choice A: | Uncomplicated control |
| Choice B: | Generalized Equivalent Uniform Dose (gEUD) |
| Choice C: | Lung V20(%) |
| Choice D: | Local control probability at 2 years |
| Question 2: True or False: With good biomarkers and models, a utility based approach to dose selection can improve overall efficacy outcomes without increasing toxicity? |
| Reference: | Schipper MJ, Taylor JMG, TenHaken R, Matuzak M, Kong F and Lawrence TS.: "Personalized dose selection in Radiation Therapy using statistical models for toxicity and efficacy with dose and biomarkers as covariates." Stat Med 33(30): 5330-9, 2014. |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 3: In a Dynamic Treatment Regime approach to adaptive RT, which of the following variables could potentially be used to select the optimal dose of RT for the second stage of treatment? |
| Reference: | Zhao YQ, Laber EB. Estimation of optimal dynamic treatment regimes. Clin Trials. 2014 Aug;11(4):400-407. doi: 10.1177/1740774514532570. Epub 2014 May 28. PubMed PMID: 24872361; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4247353. |
| Choice A: | Baseline patient factors |
| Choice B: | Dose given in the first stage |
| Choice C: | Biomarkers assessed after the first stage but before the second stage |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 4: What is the FDA-NIH working group definition of a predictive biomarker used for? |
| Reference: | FDA-NIH Biomarker Working Group. BEST (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools) Resource [Internet]. Silver Spring (MD): Food and Drug Administration (US); 2016-. FDA-NIH Biomarker Working Group. 2016 Jan 28 [Updated 2017 Sep 25]. Co-published by National |
| Choice A: | Used to identify likelihood of a clinical event, disease recurrence or progression in patients who have the disease or medical condition of interest. |
| Choice B: | Used to identify individuals who are more likely than similar individuals without the biomarker to experience a favorable or unfavorable effect from exposure to a medical product or an environmental agent. |
| Choice C: | Used to detect or confirm presence of a disease or condition of interest or to identify individuals with a subtype of the disease. |
| Question 5: As compared to chemotherapy, intensity modulated radiation therapy is unique for dose modeling due to which of the following reason(s)? |
| Reference: | Schipper, M.J., Taylor, J.M., TenHaken, R., Matuzak, M.M., Kong, F.M. and Lawrence, T.S., 2014. Personalized dose selection in radiation therapy using statistical models for toxicity and efficacy with dose and biomarkers as covariates. Statistics in medicine, 33(30), pp.5330-5339. |
| Choice A: | Dose to organs at risk can be variable along the beam path |
| Choice B: | Number of beams and arrangement can vary |
| Choice C: | Dependent on tumor target size and location |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 6: True or false: One of the limitations of using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is that it does not characterize the ability of a biomarker to improve efficacy at a fixed probability of toxicity. |
| Reference: | Schipper, M.J., Taylor, J.M., TenHaken, R., Matuzak, M.M., Kong, F.M. and Lawrence, T.S., 2014. Personalized dose selection in radiation therapy using statistical models for toxicity and efficacy with dose and biomarkers as covariates. Statistics in medicine, 33(30), pp.5330-5339. |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
