| Question 1: 1. Adaptive radiotherapy aims to: |
| Reference: | : Heukelom J, Fuller CD, Head and Neck Cancer Adaptive Radiation Therapy (ART): Conceptual Considerations for the Informed Clinician, Semin Radiat Oncol. 2019;29(3):258-273. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2019.02.008 |
| Choice A: | Reduce PTV margins |
| Choice B: | Reduce organ at risk exposure |
| Choice C: | Ensure target coverage |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 2: Which of the following metrics cannot be derived using both DCE CT/MRI and PET? |
| Reference: | - MR & CT Perfusion Imaging: Clinical Applications and Theoretical Principles. Editor: R Bammer. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2016. ISBN: 978-1-451-14715-5
- Positron Emission Tomography. Basic Sciences. Editors: D L Bailey, D W Townsend, P E Valk, M N Maisey. Springer-Verlag London 2005. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/b136169. |
| Choice A: | Blood volume, Vb |
| Choice B: | Extravascular Extracellular Volume , Ve |
| Choice C: | Apparent Diffusion Coefficient |
| Choice D: | Perfusion rate, Ktrans |
| Question 3: A deformable image registration algorithm to align a CT scan to a MR image should preferably be based on |
| Reference: | Brock KK, Mutic S, McNutt TR, Li H, Kessler ML, Use of image registration and fusion algorithms and techniques in radiotherapy: Report of the AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group No. 132. Med Phys 2017, 44(7): e43-e76. |
| Choice A: | The minimization of the sum of squared differences |
| Choice B: | The maximization of the mutual information |
| Question 4: A library of plan based adaptive strategies is most suitable to account for |
| Reference: | Heijkoop ST, Langerak TR, Quint S, Bondar L, Mens JW, Heijmen BJ, Hoogeman MS, Clinical implementation of an online adaptive plan-of-the-day protocol for nonrigid motion management in locally advanced cervical cancer IMRT, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2014, 90 pp. 673-679, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.06.046 |
| Choice A: | Intra-fraction motion |
| Choice B: | Day-to-day anatomical changes |
| Choice C: | Tumor regression |
| Question 5: PTV margins in online adaptive radiotherapy are |
| Reference: | Sonke JJ, Aznar M, Rasch C, Adaptive Radiotherapy for Anatomical Changes,
Semin Radiat Oncol. 2019;29(3):245-257. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2019.02.007 |
| Choice A: | No longer required |
| Choice B: | Needed to account for residual uncertainties |
| Question 6: Which of the following would be considered a functional adaptation in radiation therapy?: |
| Reference: | Matuszak MM, Kashani R, Green M, Owen D, Jolly S, Mierzwa M, Functional Adaptation in Radiation Therapy, Seminars in Radiation Oncology 2019, 29 (3), Pages 236-244, ISSN 1053-4296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semradonc.2019.02.006. |
| Choice A: | Prescribing tumor dose based on pre-treatment PET imaging |
| Choice B: | Dose painting by numbers to avoid functional lung as defined in a pre-treatment ventilation scan |
| Choice C: | Changing the treatment plan based on poor IGRT setup mid-treatment |
| Choice D: | Updating the tumor prescription based on the difference between mid- and pre-treatment diffusion weighted MRI in head/neck |
