| Question 1: What are the causes of metal artifacts in FBP images of CT? |
| Reference: | Yiannis Kyriakou, Esther Meyer, Daniel Prell, and Marc Kachelrieß, Empirical beam hardening correction (EBHC) for CT, Med. Phys., 37:5179-5187, 2010 |
| Choice A: | The FBP’s lack of capability to correct for the beam-hardening effect |
| Choice B: | Photon starvation resulting in some measurements of little information |
| Choice C: | Phases of X-ray waves |
| Choice D: | Both a and b |
| Question 2: Radiation has: How can the beam-hardening effect be minimized leading to quantitative imaging? |
| Reference: | K. Taguchi, I. Blevis, and K. Iniewski, Ed., Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography, Publisher: CRC Press, Taylor & Francs Group, 2021 |
| Choice A: | Photon-counting detectors to collect data with minimized impact of X-ray spectrum |
| Choice B: | Algorithms designed to correct for the impact of X-ray spectra |
| Choice C: | Integration of a and b |
| Question 3: T/F Material decomposition enables material-specific quantification but generally increases image noise: |
| Reference: | C. H. McCollough, S. Leng, L. Yu, and J. G. Fletcher, “Dual- and Multi-Energy CT: Principles, Technical Approaches, and Clinical Applications,” Radiology, vol. 276, no. 3, pp. 637–653, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1148/radiol.2015142631 |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 4: Which of the following degrade photon counting CT image quality? |
| Reference: | A. S. Wang and N. J. Pelc, “Spectral Photon Counting CT: Imaging Algorithms and Performance Assessment,” IEEE Trans. Radiat. Plasma Med. Sci., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 453–464, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1109/TRPMS.2020.3007380 |
| Choice A: | Imperfect spectral response |
| Choice B: | Cross-talk between pixels |
| Choice C: | Pulse pile-up |
| Choice D: | Patient scatter |
| Choice E: | All of the above |
| Question 5: Virtual monochromatic images at 55 keV created from photon-counting CT is most useful in which one of the following clinical exams? |
| Reference: | Rajendran K, Petersilka M, Henning A, Shanblatt ER, Schmidt B, Flohr TG, Ferrero A, Baffour F, Diehn FE, Yu L, Rajiah P, Fletcher JG, Leng S, McCollough CH. First Clinical Photon-counting Detector CT System: Technical Evaluation. Radiology. 2022;303(1):130-8. Epub 2021/12/15. doi: 10.1148/radiol.212579. PubMed PMID: 34904876; PMCID: PMC8940675 |
| Choice A: | Non-contrast routine abdomen CT |
| Choice B: | Lung-cancer screening CT |
| Choice C: | Cardiac coronary artery CT angiography |
| Choice D: | Pediatric wrist CT |
| Question 6: High resolution in photon-counting CT is most useful in which one of the following clinical exams? |
| Reference: | Leng S, Rajendran K, Gong H, Zhou W, Halaweish AF, Henning A, Kappler S, Baer M, Fletcher JG, McCollough CH. 150-mum Spatial Resolution Using Photon-Counting Detector Computed Tomography Technology: Technical Performance and First Patient Images. Invest Radiol. 2018;53(11):655-62. Epub 2018/05/31. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000488. PubMed PMID: 29847412; PMCID: PMC6173631. |
| Choice A: | Pediatric chest CT |
| Choice B: | Non-contrast routine abdomen CT |
| Choice C: | Lung-cancer screening CT |
| Choice D: | Temporal bone CT |
