| Question 1: FLASH has demonstrated a radiotherapeutic advantage by: |
| Reference: | Kacem H, Almeida A, Cherbuin N, Vozenin MC. Understanding the FLASH effect to
unravel the potential of ultra-high dose rate irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2022;98:506–16. |
| Choice A: | Displaying better dose distribution |
| Choice B: | Specifically targeting tumor stem cells |
| Choice C: | Sparing normal tissue |
| Choice D: | Helping B cells produce antibody |
| Question 2: The FLASH effect has been demonstrated for: |
| Reference: | Kacem H, Almeida A, Cherbuin N, Vozenin MC. Understanding the FLASH effect to
unravel the potential of ultra-high dose rate irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2022;98:506–16. |
| Choice A: | Electrons |
| Choice B: | Protons |
| Choice C: | Photos |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Question 3: The ion collection efficiency of ionization chambers used in ultra-high dose rate (UHDR)dosimetry needs to be evaluated for FLASH experiments with |
| Reference: | Ashraf MR, Rahman M, Zhang R, Williams BB, Gladstone DJ, Pogue BW, et al.
Dosimetry for FLASH Radiotherapy: A Review of Tools and the Role of Radioluminescence and
Cherenkov Emission. Front Phys 2020;8:1–20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2020.00328. |
| Choice A: | Proton beams |
| Choice B: | Electron beams |
| Choice C: | Photon beams |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Choice E: | B and C |
| Question 4: Passive detectors such as radiochromic film, alanine, or thermos-luminescent dosimeters(TLD) can be used for absolute dosimetry in FLASH-RT? |
| Reference: | Jorge PG, Jaccard M, Petersson K, Gondré M, Durán MT, Desorgher L, et al.
Dosimetric and preparation procedures for irradiating biological models with pulsed electron beam at ultra-high dose-rate. Radiother Oncol 2019;139:34–9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2019.05.004. |
| Choice A: | True |
| Choice B: | False |
| Question 5: The FLASH effect is NOT dependent on which of the following: |
| Reference: | Bourhis J, Montay-Gruel P, Gonçalves P, Bailat C, Petitab B, Ollivier J, Jeanneret-Sozzia W, zsahina M, Bochud F, Moeckli R, Germond J-F, Vozenin, M-, Clinical translation of FLASH radiotherapy: Why and how?
Radiother Oncol 2019 Oct;139:11-17. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.04.008 |
| Choice A: | Dose |
| Choice B: | Dose rates > 40Gy/s |
| Choice C: | Whether normal or tumor tissue is being irradiated |
| Choice D: | Dose rates < 40Gy/s |
| Question 6: Additional tools required for treatment planning FLASH include (only one correct) |
| Reference: | Krieger, M., van de Water, S., Folkerts, M.M., Mazal, A., Fabiano, S., Bizzocchi, N., Weber, D.C., Safai, S., Lomax, A.J., A quantitative FLASH effectiveness model to reveal potentials and pitfalls of high dose rate proton therapy. Med Phys. 2022 Jan 14. doi: 10.1002/mp.15459. |
| Choice A: | Monte Carlo dose calculations |
| Choice B: | Spatial distributions of dose rate |
| Choice C: | Robust optimisation |
| Choice D: | Multi-criteria optimisation |
