| Question 1: National cancer institute (NCI) radiation research program workshop examined 6 randomized clinical trials from the Radiation Oncology Group that resulted in full outcomes. This result may be due, in part, |
| Reference: | Coleman, C.N., et al. Improving the Predictive Value of Preclinical Studies in Support of Radiotherapy Clinical Trials. Clin Cancer Res 22, 3138-3147 (2016). |
| Choice A: | Lack of sufficient patient outcome data. |
| Choice B: | Not well-designed clinical trials. |
| Choice C: | The quality and validity of the preclinical data. |
| Choice D: | Lack of funding support for the trials. |
| Question 2: Optical tomography can be potentially used for radiation guidance in pre-clinical research because of its |
| Reference: | Xu, X., et al. Quantitative Bioluminescence Tomography-Guided Conformal Irradiation for Preclinical Radiation Research. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 111, 1310-1321 (2021). |
| Choice A: | Greater image resolution compared to CT. |
| Choice B: | Strong soft tissue contrast. |
| Choice C: | Time of fly information for fluorescence lifetime measurement |
| Choice D: | Organ motion track capability. |
| Question 3: From all the FLASH irradiation studies, FLASH effects have been observed using: |
| Reference: | Lin, B., Gao, F., Yang, Y., Wu, D., Zhang, Y., Feng, G., Dai, T. and Du, X. (2021) FLASH Radiotherapy: History and Future. Front Oncol 11, 644400. |
| Choice A: | Protons only |
| Choice B: | Electros only |
| Choice C: | X-rays only |
| Choice D: | Proton and electrons only |
| Choice E: | Proton, electrons and x-rays |
| Question 4: Objectives of the VRTOG are all except for: |
| Reference: | https://acvr.org/dashboard/resources/veterinary-radiation-therapy-oncology-group-vrtog/ |
| Choice A: | Identify a group of clinical radiation oncology investigative centers dedicated to the principle of cooperative clinical trials and other research to improve the survival of animals with cancer |
| Choice B: | Establish standardized treatment, reporting and quality assurance parameters so that uniformity exists in treatment plans, dosimetry and reproducibility of outcome in participating centers |
| Choice C: | Define the minimum standards of radiation and ancillary equipment needed for participation in VRTOG clinical trials. |
| Choice D: | To critically evaluate new methods of cancer treatment to improve local-regional control and survival. |
| Choice E: | Fund basic education in veterinary radiation oncology. |
| Question 5: The physical interaction that is increases dose within material by a cubic factor with increase in atomic number (
) is: |
| Reference: | Khan’s The Physics of Radiation Therapy, Fiaz M. Khan John P Gibbons 5th ed. Page 64 |
| Choice A: | Compton scattering |
| Choice B: | Photoelectric effect |
| Choice C: | Positron annihilation |
| Choice D: | Photodisintegration |
| Question 6: When considering the use of companion animals (pet dogs and cats) in translational oncology research including radiation studies, which of the following is TRUE? |
| Reference: | Boss MK. Canine comparative oncology for translational radiation research. Int J Radiat Biol. 2022;98(3):496-505. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1987572. Epub 2021 Oct 11. PMID: 34586958. |
| Choice A: | Given their small size, dogs and cats are of limited use as models of human cancer. |
| Choice B: | Most dogs and cats eat the same foods as people, so studies of nutritional impact on carcinogenesis are common. |
| Choice C: | Pet dogs and cats share our environment and have intact, experienced immune systems. |
| Choice D: | The use of pet dogs and cats in radiation research is unethical given the lack of translation to people. |
