| Question 1: Lymphocyte counts measured in the blood during/after RT can give: |
| Reference: | Grassberger, C., Ellsworth, S. G., Wilks, M. Q., Keane, F. K. & Loeffler, J. S. Assessing the interactions between radiotherapy and anti-tumour immunity. Nature reviews. Clinical oncology 16, 729–745 (2019). |
| Choice A: | information about the patient-specific immune infiltration within the tumor |
| Choice B: | a measure of global immune response in the patient, and correlate with overall survival in a range of indications |
| Choice C: | are routinely used as input for predictive models |
| Choice D: | none of the above |
| Choice E: | all of the above |
| Question 2: Which factors can affect the patient-specific lymphocyte loss during radiotherapy? |
| Reference: | Damen, P. J. J. et al. The influence of severe radiation-induced lymphopenia on overall survival in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biology Phys (2021) doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1695. |
| Choice A: | Fractionation regimen |
| Choice B: | Integral dose delivered |
| Choice C: | Irradiation of specific structures (spleen, bone marrow) |
| Choice D: | none of the above |
| Choice E: | all of the above |
| Question 3: Biophysical metrics of tracer transport following flow-based imaging can: |
| Reference: | Sinno N, Taylor E, Milosevic M, Jaffray DA, Coolens C. Incorporating cross-voxel exchange into the analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging data: theory, simulations and experimental results. Phys Med Biol. 2021 Oct 14;66(20). doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac2205. PMID: 34650009. |
| Choice A: | inform on the patient-specific microvasculature within the tumor |
| Choice B: | be a measure diffusion of contrast agent in the intracellular intravascular space, and correlate with interstitial tumour pressure |
| Choice C: | Be a measure of drug uptake in the tumour |
| Choice D: | none of the above |
| Choice E: | all of the above |
| Choice F: | all of the above provided the fundamental cross-voxel transport is considered |
| Question 4: Regarding BgRT delivery, which one of the following is true? |
| Reference: | Shirvani et al. Br. J. Radiol;93:20200873. |
| Choice A: | PET signal was not required for BgRT delivery |
| Choice B: | Limited-time-sampled (LTS) PET images were obtained to guide the RT delivery |
| Choice C: | Due to limited PET detector array used, it takes several minutes to generate the limited-time-sampled (LTS) PET images |
| Choice D: | The limited-time-sampled (LTS) PET images usually have much better image quality compared to the full PET volume scan |
| Question 5: What is a Biological Target Zone (BTZ)? |
| Reference: | Shirvani et al. Br. J. Radiol;93:20200873. |
| Choice A: | A novel detector that was utilized on PET Arc to improve the detector efficiency |
| Choice B: | A target structure defined in BgRT planning which physician prescribed to. |
| Choice C: | A novel tracer used in BgRT delivery. |
| Choice D: | A bounding volume that eliminates interference from PET signals originating from structures other than tumor |
| Question 6: Which factors are not critical for current online adaptive MRI-guided radiotherapy procedures? |
| Reference: | T. Stanescu, A. Shessel, C. Carpino-Rocca, E. Taylor, O. Semeniuk, W. Li, A. Barry, J. Lukovic, L. Dawson, A. Hosni. MRI-guided online adaptive stereotactic body radiation therapy of liver and pancreas tumors on an MR-Linac system. Cancers 14, 716, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030716 |
| Choice A: | Strong imaging gradients |
| Choice B: | Detailed electron density information assigned to organ tissues |
| Choice C: | High quality functional imaging |
| Choice D: | All of the above |
| Choice E: | None of the above |
