| Question 1: Which of the following options is the best for assessing liver iron overload? |
| Reference: | Hernando D, Levin YS, Sirlin CB, and Reeder SB. Quantification of liver iron with MRI: State of the art and remaining challenges. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014;40:1003-1021. |
| Choice A: | T1 mapping |
| Choice B: | T1 and T2 mapping |
| Choice C: | T1 and T2* mapping |
| Choice D: | T2 and T2* mapping |
| Question 2: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) parametric mapping techniques provide T1, T2 and T2* relaxation times of myocardium. Which of the following options can be used to estimate the extracellular volume (ECV)? |
| Reference: | Messroghli DR, Moon JC, Ferreira VM, et al. Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: A consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). J Cardiovasc Magn Reason. 2017; 19:75. |
| Choice A: | Native T1 and T2 mapping |
| Choice B: | Native T1 and T2* mapping |
| Choice C: | Native and post-contrast T1 mapping |
| Choice D: | Native and post-contrast T2 mapping |
| Question 3: Which of the followings is most related to the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) computed from diffusion MRI signals? |
| Reference: | Tang L, Zhou XJ. Diffusion MRI of cancer: From low to high b-values. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019; 49(1):23-40. doi: 10.1002/jmri.26293. |
| Choice A: | Vascularity |
| Choice B: | Cerebral blood flow (CBF) |
| Choice C: | Cellularity |
| Choice D: | Tissue oxygenation level |
| Question 4: Which one of the following factors contributes most directly to the maximal b-value in a diffusion-weighted pulse sequence? |
| Reference: | Bernstein MA, King KF, and Zhou XJ. “Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences”. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, 2004; Chapter 17.2. |
| Choice A: | The maximal gradient amplitude |
| Choice B: | The maximal gradient slew rate |
| Choice C: | The maximal receiver bandwidth |
| Choice D: | TR |
| Question 5: Which MRI technique is NOT used to map blood perfusion in our body? |
| Reference: | Essig M, Shiroishi MS, Nguyen TB, et al. Perfusion MRI: The Five Most Frequently Asked Technical Questions. AJR American journal of roentgenology. 2013;200(1):24-34. |
| Choice A: | Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI |
| Choice B: | Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI |
| Choice C: | Arterial spin labeling MRI |
| Choice D: | Magnetic resonance angiography |
| Question 6: Which MRI perfusion or angiography technique utilizes blood as an endogenous contrast agent? |
| Reference: | Essig M, Shiroishi MS, Nguyen TB, et al. Perfusion MRI: The Five Most Frequently Asked Technical Questions. AJR American journal of roentgenology. 2013;200(1):24-34. |
| Choice A: | Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI |
| Choice B: | Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI |
| Choice C: | Arterial spin labeling MRI |
| Choice D: | Contrast-enhanced MR angiography |
| Question 7: Which of the following MRI pulse sequences is most commonly used to detect blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal for fMRI? |
| Reference: | Ogawa S, Tank DW, Menon R, Ellermann JM, Kim SG, Merkle H, Ugurbil K. Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jul 1;89(13):5951-5. |
| Choice A: | T2*-weighted conventional gradient echo |
| Choice B: | T2*-weighted gradient-echo echo-planar imaging |
| Choice C: | T1-weighted inversion-recovery echo-planar imaging |
| Choice D: | T2-weighted fast spin echo |
| Question 8: What’s frequency of mechanical vibration typically used in clinical MR Elastography? |
| Reference: | Manduca A, Bayly PJ, Ehman RL, Kolipaka A, Royston TJ, Sack I, Sinkus R, Van Beers BE. MR elastography: Principles, guidelines, and terminology. Magn Reson Med. 2021 May;85(5):2377-2390. |
| Choice A: | 20-100Hz |
| Choice B: | 200Hz–2KHz |
| Choice C: | 2KHz–20KHz |
| Choice D: | 2MHz–20MHz |
| Question 9: Which one of the following conditions is unlikely the cause of poor quality or non-diagnostic liver MR Elastogram? |
| Reference: | Guglielmo FF, Venkatesh SK, Mitchell DG. Liver MR Elastography Technique and Image Interpretation: Pearls and Pitfalls. Radiographics. 2019 Nov-Dec;39(7):1983-2002. |
| Choice A: | Inappropriate setting/placement or malfunction of active and passive MRE driver |
| Choice B: | Inappropriate prescription of MRE imaging slices |
| Choice C: | High liver fat content |
| Choice D: | High liver iron content |
| Question 10: Which of the following is NOT a MRS localization sequence? |
| Reference: | de Graaf RA. In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: Principles and Techniques. 2nd ed. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2007. doi:10.1002/9780470512968 |
| Choice A: | STEAM |
| Choice B: | VAPOR |
| Choice C: | LASER |
| Choice D: | PRESS |
